economic activity

Question 1

What is an employment sector?

Answer 1

A category of jobs eg: Primary sector

Question 2

Define primary sector

Answer 2

Jobs where raw materials are extracted from the earth eg: farming, mining

Question 3

Define Secondary sector

Answer 3

Where the raw materials are converted to semi finished or finished goods eg: manufacturing, factories

Question 4

Define tertiary sector

Answer 4

Jobs that provide services eg: healthcare, sales

Question 5

What is the quarternary sector?

Answer 5

Jobs in the knowledge industry, such as financial consultancy, scientific research, or university lecturing.

Question 6

What is industrialisation?

Answer 6

When a country moves from primary jobs to secondary jobs, such as manufacturing, and cities grow increasing the income of countries.

Question 7

What is deindustrialisation?

Answer 7

When a country runs out of resources or finds it cheaper to buy goods from other countries, leading to a move from manufacturing to the tertiary and quaternary sectors

Question 8

What is regeneration?

Answer 8

When a city is improved physically and built up to improve its economy, usually after a period of industrial decline.

Question 9

What is a post-industrial economy?

Answer 9

An economy that no longer relies heavily on industry and has transitioned to tertiary and quaternary jobs.

Question 10

What is globalisation?

Answer 10

The process of the world becoming more interconnected through trade, movement of goods, people, and information.

Question 11

Why do we have a low percentage of workers in the primary sector?

Answer 11

Due to mechanisation and the fact that 50% of food and many raw materials are imported.

Question 12

Why has employment in the secondary sector decreased?

Answer 12

Deindustrialisation has led to a decline in the use of raw materials, but some manufacturing still takes place in high-tech industries like cars and microchips.

Question 13

Why is there a large tertiary sector in the UK?

Answer 13

Increased incomes lead people to spend more on services, and the population growth requires more services like healthcare and education.

Question 14

What contributes to the growing quaternary sector?

Answer 14

The UK has many well-funded universities that conduct research, and companies are attracted to graduates from universities located in innovation hubs like the “Golden Triangle” of Oxford, Cambridge, and London.

Question 15

What are locational factors for primary industry?

Answer 15

• Access to raw resources
• fertile soil
• proximity to road/rail/air networks
• cheap labor.

Question 16

What are locational factors for secondary industry?

Answer 16

Being close to primary resources, ports/railways/roads, and having a local workforce.

Question 17

What are locational factors for tertiary industries?

Answer 17

Located near populated areas and in places where services like shops and healthcare are needed.

Question 18

What are locational factors for quaternary industries?

Answer 18

Proximity to other quaternary industries, universities, and large cities that provide a skilled workforce.

Question 19

How did the government affect employment structure from 1945-1979?

Answer 19

The British Steel Corporation was set up to support declining heavy industries and protect jobs.

Question 20

How did government policies between 1979 and 2010 affect industries?

Answer 20

Industries were privatised, and many were closed. The London docklands were regenerated to retail parks like Canary Wharf

Question 21

What are the key ways the government supported the economy after 2010?

Answer 21

1. encouraging investment in high-
   tech manufacturing (secondary)
2. investment in transport
   infrastructure, such as London’s Crossrail.
3. low-cost loans for small
   businesses (tertiary and
   quaternary usually)