Econ - Population

Question 1

Factors that affect population growth: B__ Rates

Answer 1

Number of births for every 1000 people in the population

Question 2

Why birth rates differ: L__ S___

Answer 2

Living Standards: Improved food, housing, clean water, medical care –> fewer baby die

Countries where children die due to low living standards –> high birth rates - Scared that some of their babies will die - children can work

Question 3

Why birth rates differ: Contra__

Answer 3

Contraception or legalisation of abortion reduce birth rate in developed countries

Question 4

Why birth rates differ: R___

Answer 4

Religious beliefs dont allow use of contraceptive pills - birth rise

Question 5

Why birth rate differs: F___ E___

Answer 5

Female Employment: More female enter the labour force lead to birth rates to fall, since they do not want motherhood to affect their careers

Question 6

Why birth rate differs: M__

Answer 6

Marrige: People tend to marry later in life

Question 7

Factors that affect population rate: D__ R__

Answer 7

Death Rates: Number of people who die each year compared to every 1000 people of the populaiton

Question 8

Why death rates differ: L__ S__

Answer 8

Living standards: Death rates very high in less developed countries.

Question 9

Why death rates differ: Confl__

Answer 9

Conflicts: Natural disasters and wars such as hurricanes, floods, earthqueakes and famine due to lack of rain and poor harvest.

Question 10

Factors that affect population rate: Net migration

Answer 10

Refers to the number of people entering and leaving (Immigration and Emigration). Net migration is the difference between immigration and emigration

Question 11

What is Net inward migration

Answer 11

It will increase working population - but pressure on governments finances as demand for housing, education and wellfare increase

Question 12

What is net outward migration

Answer 12

May increase the income per capita and thus the HDI - but result in loss of skilled worker - brain drain - move to countries that have high living standards

Question 13

Age distribution

Answer 13

The number of people in each age group

Question 14

What does a falling birth and death rate mean

Answer 14

Average age for a country rises

Question 15

What does high birth and death rate mean

Answer 15

lowers averaage age

Question 16

What can a high dependency ratio population affect

Answer 16

Puts pressure on the government to increase taxes rates in order to raise more revenue to support the dependents, putting pressure on the labour force

Question 17

Consequences of an ageing population

Answer 17

• Workforce will decline –> Much more tax-paying
  -Increase in demand for products for old people
  -Government needs to spend more on housing, old age welfare

Question 18

Gender distribution

Answer 18

The balance of males and females

Question 19

Why is gender imbalance happened

Answer 19

wars, violence, sex specific immigrations

Question 20

Consequences of changes in the gender distribution

Answer 20

-having more women will encourage birth rates to rise
-More females in labour force
-More females in education and employment, which will increase living standards
-Balanced gender distribution: can aid better social equality as social attitudes

Question 21

What is optimal population

Answer 21

Where the output of goods and services per head of the population is maximised

Question 22

When is a country underpopulated

Answer 22

When it does not have enough labour to make the best use of its resources

Question 23

When is a country overpopulated

Answer 23

When population is too large given the resources it has