Biology Flashcards
What is movement
Action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place
What is respiration?
The chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism
What is sensitivity?
the ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses
What is growth?
A permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both
What is reproduction?
The processes that make more of the same kind of organism
What is excretion?
Removal from organisms of the waste poducts of metabolism, toxic materials and substances in excess of requirements
What is nutrition?
Taking in of materials for energy, growth and development; plants require light, carbon dioxide, water and ions; animals need organic compounds and ions and usually need water
What are living organisms made of?
Cells
Describe the structure of a plant cell
Cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole
Describe the structure of the animal cell
Nucleus, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm
What is the function of the Nucleus?
Contains the genetic material(DNA) which controls the activities of the cell
What is the function of cytoplasm?
A gel like substance composed of water and dissolved solutes. Also supports internal cell structures
Site of many chemical reactions including anaerobic respiration
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Holds the cell together, separating the inside of the cell from the outside. Also control which substance can enter and leave the cell
Function of ciliated cells
Movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi
Function of root hair cells
absorption
Function of Palisade mesophyll cells
Photosynthesis
Function of red blood cells
Transports oxygen
Function of sperm and egg cells
Reproduction
What is diffusion?
Net movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
What influences diffusion?
surface area, temperature, concentration gradients and diffusion distance
What chemical elements make up carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen for all biomolecules
Proteins - Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorus
What molecules make up Starch and glycogen
Glucose
What molecules make up proteins
Amino Acids
What molecules make up fats and oils
Fatty acids and glycerol
What is iodine solution used for
Test for Starch
What is Benedicts solution used for
For reducing sugars
What is Biuret used for
Test for proteins
What is ethanol emusion test used for
oil and fats
What are enzymes?
Proteins that function as biogical catalysts
What is enzyme action?
Complementary shape of the active site of an enzyme and its substrate and the formation of a product
What happens to the enzyme when temperature changes
Optimum temperature - Reaction increases - Molecules more kinetic energy - More successful collision
Over Optimum temperature - Enzyme denature - Active site changes shape - decreases reaction
What happens to the enzyme when pH changes
If pH moves away from optimum pH - Rate of reaction decreases - Change in pH changes shape of active site
