Ecology Unit Test Flashcards
Define: Aboitic
factors that are everything else. They can be physical (rocks, etc.) or things that are measured (temperature, hours of daylight, etc.) (Abiotic are all non-living things).
Define: Aquifer
a large underground lake. The water is absorbed into the ground and travels downwards until it reaches bedrock where it gathers with other water particles and creates a lake.
Define: Atmosphere
layer of gases that surround Earth
Define: Biodiversity
the number of different types of organisms in an area (the diversity of an area).
Define: Biome
a large geographical region that contains similar ecosystems. On land, biomes are defined by the types of plants that grow in them.
Define: Biosphere
the part of the planet, including water, land and air where life exists
Define: Biotic
factors such as organisms- plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and algae(living things).
Define: Carbon Cycle
the carbon cycle is the cycle through which carbon is used, recycled and used again by organisms.
Define: Carnivores
consumers that mainly eat meat. Ex. A wolf.
Define: Carrying Capacity
the maximum number of individuals an ecosystem can support without reducing its ability to sustain future generations of the same species
Define: Cellular Respiration
process organisms use to obtain energy from glucose and other carbohydrates
Define: Commensalism
(a form of symbiosis) where one organism benefits with minimal impact on the other
Define: Community
made up of populations of different species that live and interact in the same area
Define: Competition
interaction between 2 or more organisms competing for the same resource in a given habitat
Define: Components
Parts of an ecosystem (ex. A tree in a rainforest ecosystem)
Define: Consumer
organisms that eat other organisms to get their energy because they can’t make their own food
Define: Decomposers
consumers that breakdown organic matter and release its nutrients back into the ecosystem (ex. Fungi and bacteria)
Define: Denitrifying Bacteria
bacteria that convert nitrates into nitrogen gas
Define: Detrivores
consumer that feeds on organic matter (ex. Earthworms)
Define: Ecology
the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment
Define: Ecosystem
complex, self-regulating systems in which living things interact with each other and non-living things
Define: Energy Pyramid
a diagram that shows the amount of available energy producers and consumers contain as energy flows through an ecosystem
Define: Environment
all the living and non-living things that exist on Earth
Define: Fossil Fuels
fuel formed from the organic matter of organisms that lived millions of years ago. This includes coal oil and natural gas.
Define: Habitat
the physical environment of an organism
Define: Herbivore
an organism that only eats plants (ex. Moose, deer)
Define: Holistic Approach
emphasizes an entire system
Define: Hydrosphere
all the water on Earth