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science > ecology unit test > Flashcards

ecology unit test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

abiotic

A

non-living things

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2
Q

biotic

A

living things

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3
Q

sustainability

A

the ability to interact with other animals and reproduce indefinitely

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4
Q

stewardship

A

taking personal responsibility for the care of something

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5
Q

habitat

A

physical environment that an organism lives in

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6
Q

niche

A

the organism’s job/interactions in an ecosystem

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7
Q

biosphere

A

entire region on earth where life exists

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8
Q

atmosphere

A

layer of gases surrounding the earth

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9
Q

lithosphere

A

earth’s solid surface

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10
Q

hydrosphere

A

water on earth

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11
Q

producer

A

self-feeder: plants + algae

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12
Q

consumer

A

cannot make their own food

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13
Q

carnivore

A

eats animals only

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14
Q

scavenger

A

eats dead animals

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15
Q

decomposer

A

breaks down dead animals (they can be anywhere on the food chain)

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16
Q

primary consumer

A

organism that eats plants

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17
Q

secondary consumer

A

carnivores that eat herbivores

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18
Q

territory consumer

A

animals that eat other animals

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19
Q

food chain

A

group of organisms in order

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20
Q

food web

A

food chains interconnected

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21
Q

trophic level

A

position of an organism in the food chain

22
Q

cellular respiration

A

process which living things break down sugar

23
Q

runoff

A

flow of water over the ground surface

24
Q

transpiration

A

plants take up liquid water from the soil (nitrogen)

25
Q

carbon

A

all living things contain carbon

26
Q

photosynthesis

A

process plants use to make energy (glucose)

27
Q

plant role in carbon cycle

A

absorbs carbon from environment in photosynthesis

28
Q

animal role

A

obtain carbon by eating plants

29
Q

competition

A

interactions between two or more organisms competing for the same resource

30
Q

preditation

A

the predator kills its pray

31
Q

mimicry

A

a species looks like another species to avoid predation

32
Q

symbiosis

A

close interactions between two diff species living in the same area

33
Q

mutualism

A

both organisms benefit

34
Q

commensalism

A

one organism benefits while the other is unaffected

35
Q

parasitism

A

one organism benefits while the other is harmed

36
Q

acid rain

A

pollutants containing nitrogen and sulphur combine w water vapour in the air and from acids

37
Q

pH levels

A

7 = neutral
<7 = acidic (low pH level)
>7 = alkaline (high pH level)

38
Q

heavy metals

A

metal elements that are very dense and are toxic at low concentrations

39
Q

nitrogen

A

in the air

40
Q

coral bleaching

A

when the coral is stressed, they take away the algae and the coral becomes white (then usually dies)

41
Q

biomagnification

A

process that causes higher organisms in the food chain to have greater concentrations of toxins

42
Q

water quality

A

water is unsafe depending on types and amounts of species present

43
Q

native species

A

an organism living naturally in its environment without humans (eg. kangaroos in Australia)

44
Q

non-native species

A

organism that has been introduced by human action

45
Q

ecological footprint

A

an estimate of how much land and water you need for your lifestyle (land/water needed to grow food)

46
Q

organic farming

A

no chemical fertilizers or pesticides. not able to produce the same amount of food as non-organic farming

47
Q

no-till farming

A

leaving the stubble/roots of last year’s crops and planting new ones

48
Q

crop rotation

A

the practice of growing diff crops at diff times

49
Q

biological control

A

the use of beneficial insects to control unwanted pests

50
Q

integrated past management

A

method of pest control that uses knowledge about a pest’s biology and habitats

51
Q

causes of decreased biodiversity

A
  • climate change
  • pollution
  • destruction of habitats

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