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Science - ecology > Ecology test practice > Flashcards

Ecology test practice Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Atmosphere

A

Air - the gases surrounding the earth

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2
Q

Lithosphere

A

Land - the outer layer of the earth

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3
Q

Hydrosphere

A

Water - all of earth’s water

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4
Q

Biosphere

A

All 3 put together - any living thing

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5
Q

Population, community, ecosystem

A

Population - the number of a species in an area
Community - population of that species and other species
Ecosystem - all of those species plus abiotic factors

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6
Q

Biotic and Abiotic factors

A

Biotic - living things (plants, animals)

Abiotic - non-living things (sun, water, rain)

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7
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process of the sun’s energy converting into chemical energy
Carbon dioxide + water = sugar + oxygen

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8
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The opposite of photosynthesis

Sugar + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water

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9
Q

Food chains and webs

A

Food chains - are simple and easy to read

Food webs - complex with many levels

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10
Q

Trophic levels of a food chain/web

A

1st - producer (plants, fruit)
2nd - primary consumers (herbivores)
3rd - secondary consumers (omnivores)
4th - tertiary consumers (carnivores)

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11
Q

Water cycle

A

the water moving through our ecosystem
evaporation, condensation, precipitation

the water evaporates into the clouds - condensates in the clouds and build up - precipitates to the ground

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12
Q

Carbon cycle

A

the carbon dioxide moving through our ecosystem
carbon in the atmosphere being used in photosynthesis - getting released back into the air through respiration and burning fossil fuels

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13
Q

Limiting factor

A

the factor that restricts the size of a population

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14
Q

Carrying capacity

A

the maximum population size of a particular species

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15
Q

Biomes

A

a biome is a large area that has abiotic and biotic factors
terrestrial - found on land
aquatic - found in water

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16
Q

Equilibrium

A

the state of balance and equalness in an ecosystem

17
Q

Sucsession

A

the gradual changes in an ecosystem after a disturbance

18
Q

Primary sucsession

A

sucsession occurs where no life previously existed

19
Q

Secondary sucsession

A

sucsession occurs in a partially disturbed ecosystem

20
Q

Biodiversity

A

the variety of species in an ecosystem

21
Q

Extinct, extripated, endangered, threatened

A

extinct - no longer exists anywhere
extripated - species that doesn’t exist in a specific area
endangered - a species facing extripation and extinction
threatened - a species facing endangerment if the factors reducing its survival arent changed

22
Q

Native species

A

species that have been in a given location before human development

23
Q

Non-native species

A

species that have been transported to a given location

24
Q

Invasive species

A

a species that is negatively harming its enviornment, typically overpopulated

25
Q

4 impacts of invasive species

A

ecological
economic
tourism
health

26
Q

Controlling invasive species

A

Chemical control - pesticides

Mechanical control - physically removing

27
Q

Acid precipitation

A

sulfur dioxide mixing with carbon dioxide in the clouds and precipitating acid

28
Q

Pollution

A

oil spills
burning fossil fuels
garbage patch
carbon emissions

29
Q

Forest practices/tree cutting

A

clear cutting - cutting all or most trees
shelterwood cutting - cut mature trees
selective cutting - specific trees are cut

30
Q

Wildlife managment

A

over fishing

un regulated hunting

31
Q

Mananging soils/nutrients

A

the nutrients found in soil are potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus

32
Q

Synthetic and natural fertilizer

A

synthetic - made up of chemicals

natural - plant/animal manure, compost

33
Q

Impacts of fertilizer

A

can leave the soil and enter the water system
algal blooms in the water system
soil compaction - decreased oxygen levels

34
Q

Pests and pesticides

A

pests - unwanted species

pesticides - a substance used to kill pests

35
Q

Broad and narrow spectrum

A

broad spectrum - can kill many different kinds of pests

narrow spectrum - can only kill a few kinds of pests

36
Q

Bioaccumulation with pesticides

A

The accumulation of a substance in an organism

37
Q

Bioamplification with pesticides

A

the increase of accumulation of the substance as it moves up the food chain/web

38
Q

Pesticide resistance

A

when pesticides are used for a long time that they are no longer able to control the pest

39
Q

Non target species

A

when pesticides kill species that were not meant to be killed
reduces biodiversity

Science - ecology (2 decks)

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