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Biology (9th) > Ecology Test > Flashcards

Ecology Test Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

organism

A

one living thing

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2
Q

species

A

organisms that are similar and can interbreed, producing fertile offspring

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3
Q

population

A

all the members of one species in an area

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4
Q

community

A

all the populations (a bunch of diff species/living organisms) in one area

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5
Q

abiotic

A

nonliving component of an ecosystem

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6
Q

biotic

A

living or once living component of an ecosystem

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7
Q

biome

A

an area classified according to the species that live in that location (regional or global community of organisms determined by the climatic conditions + plants that grow there)

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8
Q

niche

A

job of an organism

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9
Q

give examples of land biomes

A

grassland, dessert, forest

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10
Q

give examples of aquatic biomes

A

freshwater lakes, coral reefs, open ocean

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11
Q

what 2 things help determine what land biome is present

A

temp + average precipitation

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12
Q

what 3 things help determine what aquatic biome is present

A

Salinity, Depth, Ponds

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13
Q

which way does the arrow go in food chain

A

it points towards the organism that is eating the other organism

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14
Q

herbivore

A

only eats plants

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15
Q

carnivore

A

only eats animals

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16
Q

omnivore

A

eats both plants and animals

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17
Q

decomposers

A

break down + recycle dead material

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18
Q

why cant an organism have access to all of the resources it could use for its niche.

A

Competition for resources prevents the organisms from using all of the avalible resources.

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19
Q

why is it good to have a lot of species diversity, that is many diff. species in an area.

A

The more species we have, the healthier the ecosystem is.

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20
Q

open system

A

system that things can move into and out of (a closed system doesn’t allow this)

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21
Q

food chain

A

single pathway of a feeding relationship among organisms.

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22
Q

food web

A

shows many interconnected food chains

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23
Q

trophic levels

A

shows an organism’s place in the transfer of energy through a food chain or food web

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24
Q

what direction is the flow of energy between trophic levels

A

flows from the bottom to the top

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25
where in a trophic level pyramid do you find the highest # of organisms
producers (bottom)
26
where in a trophic level pyramid do you find the lowest # of organisms
quaternary consumers (top)
27
in a trophic level pyramid, does all the energy from each organism get transferred to the next level?
no, only 10% of the energy is transferred to the next.
28
which level in the pyramid contains the greatest amount of energy?
Producers (bottom)
29
name the levels in the trophic level pyramid from top to bottom
quaternary consumers tertiary consumers secondary consumers primary consumers (herbivores) producers (capture energy)
30
in a food chain, does all the energy in each organism transfer to that organism that eats it?
no, some energy is lost to heat + other is stored in bones which aren't edible.
31
biomass
almost of organic mater (living or once living) in case a specific area
32
does the biomass increase or decrease as you move up the pyramid energy
as you do up the pyramid the biomass goes down/decreases
33
what are the 6 diff types of community interactions
competition predation symbiosis mutualism commensalism parasitism
34
when does competition occur
when organisms of the same or diff species attempt to use the same ecological resource in the same place at the same time
35
resource
anything that is required for life (Ex: food, water, light, nesting, sites, room to grow)
36
competitive exclusion principle
when organisms are competing for the same resource, there is often a winner + loser. the winner thrives + the loser fails to survive.
37
character displacement
when 2 species are intense competitors one or both species may evolve niche differences or anatomical differences that lessen the intensity of the competition.
38
when is competition most intense
when its between closer related species
39
resource partitioning
when similar species coexist, each species uses only part of the available resources
40
predation
an interaction in which one organism captures + feeds on another organism
41
what characteristics does prey have to avoid being captured?
speed camouflage poisonous
42
Mimicry
form of deception used by the prey as a means of defense against being eaten
43
what characteristics do plants have to avoid being eaten?
thorns sticky hairs tough leaves (may also produce chemical compounds that are poisons or taste bad)
44
Symbiosis
a close relationship + permanent relationship between organisms + diff species
45
3 types of symbiotic relationships
mutualism, commensalism, parasitism
46
mutualism
both species benefits from the relationship (some are so close that neither species can survive w/o each other)
47
commensalism
the relationship between 2 diff species in which one species benefits from the relationship. the other is neither harmed nor helped
48
parasitism
2 diff species in which 1 is helped + the other is harmed
49
2 diff types of parasites
ectoparasites endoparasites
50
ectoparasites
external parasites. live on host but don't enter (Ex: leeches, ticks, fleas, lice)
51
endoparasites
internal parasites. live inside the host (Ex: bacteria, protists, tapeworms)
52
species richness
the # of diff species found in the community
53
species diversity
the relationship between the # of species
54
Where does species richness mostly take place
it is greatest in the tropical rain forest + varies with latitude. the closer tho community is to the equator the more species
55
species - area effect
a pattern of species richness is that larger areas usually contain more species that smaller areas do.
56
what is the result of habitat destruction
the extinction of species
57
Disturbance
an event that changes a community by removing organisms from it or altering resource availability (Ex: storm, fire, flood, drought, over farming, human activity)
58
Succession
the gradual sequential regrowth of an area following a disturbance
59
2 diff types of succession
primary secondary
60
primary succession
the development of a community in an area that has not previously supported life (Ex: an island formed by a volcanic eruption)
61
secondary succession
the replacement of species that follow a disturbance in an already existing community
62
pioneer species
organisms that are generally the 1st to colonize an area (appear early is succession)
63
climax community
when the community proceeds through a series of stages until it reaches a stable end point (remains constant for a long period of time)
64
ecology
the study of living things + their interactions with each other + the environment
65

Biology (9th) (4 decks)

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