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Biology Sem 2 Test 2 > Ecology: Population and Communities > Flashcards

Ecology: Population and Communities Flashcards

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1
Q

Abiotic?

A

Physical environment features.

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2
Q

Biotic?

A

Living features

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3
Q

Levels of ecology?

A

Individual, Populations in ecology, community, ecosystem.

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4
Q

What’s population ecology?

A

Many individuals of same species

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5
Q

What’s a community?

A

Multiple members of different species.

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6
Q

Autocology?

A

Study of individuals in their environment.

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7
Q

Behavioral ecology?

A

How it’s body allows it to function in habitat so adaptation.

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8
Q

Population?

A

Group of individuals of a species that occupies an area.

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9
Q

3 types of species distribution?

A

Random, regular,clumped

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10
Q

Meta population?

A

Set of connected populations.

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11
Q

What are the measures of samples?

A

Per unit area
Per unit volume
Biomass - per unit area

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12
Q

Types of population density sampling?

A

Plot samples: Quadrats or transect.

Plotless samples: Mark/recapture or nearest neighbour analysis.

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13
Q

What do life tables measure?

A

Birth, Death, Population dynamics.

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14
Q

What’s a cohort?

A

Group of individuals that were born at same time

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15
Q

What are the types of life table?

A

Cohort life table - Alive organisms at specific times and number of offspring they produce at different time intervals.
Statistic life table - Based on age distribution of population.

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16
Q

What can life tables be used to draw?

A

Survivorship curves.

17
Q

Types of population growth?

A

Exponential - growth rate of population accelerates

Logistic - Rate accelerates to point of maximum growth and then slows down.

18
Q

What’s the R rate?

A

Steep bit of curve is the maximum growth curve.

19
Q

What’s the K rate?

A

Carrying capacity is max population size.

20
Q

Population regulation?

A

Density - Independent factors

Density dependant factors - occur when carrying capacity is reached.

21
Q

Difference between K and R adapted species?

A

R adapted - e.g Insects, rodents, parasites - short life/rapid growth/early maturity/many small offspring.
K adapted - e.g wolves, elephants, whales - long life/slower growth/late maturity/Fewer large offspring.

22
Q

Community?

A

All species that live within a given area/habitat.

23
Q

All types of interspecies relationships?

A

Neutral - Two species don’t interact
Mutualism - Both participants benefits
Commensalism - One participant benefits but other unaffected.
Amenalism - One participant is harmed but other is unaffected.
Predator-Prey or parasitic-host - one participant harmed, other benefits.
Competition - Both participants lose energy.

24
Q

Types of change (succession)?

A

Primary - Starts from baron ground

Secondary - Disturbed area where organisms survived recent disturbance.

25
Q

What are transitional communities?

A

Members of pioneer communities when they gradually change the habitat.

26
Q

What’s a Climax community?

A

Stable, self perpetuated array of species in equilibrium with one another nd their habitats.

27
Q

What’s the basic progression of Xerach succession on bare rock?

A

Bare rock > Lichen moss stage > Annual herb stage > Perennial herb stage > Scrub stage > Forests.

28
Q

What’s a hydrosere?

A

A succession which starts with water.

29
Q

What is intraspecific and interspecific competition?

A

Intraspecific - Within species

Interspecific - Between species

30
Q

What’s a Niche?

A

Functional role of a species in a community.

31
Q

What’s a fundamental niche?

A

The broadest possible niche a species can occupy.

32
Q

Wat’s a realised niche?

A

The part of the fundamental niche that a species actually occupies after competition.

33
Q

True or False? Can two species have the same niche?

A

Niches can overlap but no two species in a habitat have the same niche. One has to perform the niche better.

34
Q

What’s a co-evolutionary arms race?

A

When two or more species coevolve. (Evolve to out compete or survive each other).

35
Q

What are mutualisms?

A

Ranges from non-specific mutually beneficial associations to total dependency of two species on each other.

36
Q

What’s a keystone species?

A
  • A species which influences the entire community so it’s removal will cause the ecosystem to collapse.
  • Influence both species richness of communities/flow of energy, and materials through ecosystems.
37
Q

What’s an ecosystem?

A

All species that live within a given area together with all abiotic features of their environment.

Biology Sem 2 Test 2 (2 decks)

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