Ecology, photosynthesis, respiration Flashcards
Identify the first 4 trophic levels of a food chain.
Producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and tertiary consumer.
Describe the order of organisms in an energy pyramid using a food chain:
Grass–> grasshopper–> mouse–> owl
Grass- producer
Grasshopper- primary consumer
Mouse-secondary consumer
Owl- tertiary
Describe the 10% energy flow using the food chain above.
Grass–> grasshopper–> mouse–> owl
100% Grass- producer
10% Grasshopper- primary consumer
1% Mouse-secondary consumer
.1% Owl- tertiary
Which of the following statements best describes the flow of energy through an ecosystem?
Energy flows in a one-way direction from producers to top consumers.
Describe the factors that impact the rate of photosynthesis- light intensity, color of light, temperature, amount of CO2. Compare the graphs of these factors.
Carbon Dioxide concentration- LESS CO2, less photosynthesis, less product
Light Intensity- if light intensity is increased photosynthesis will increase up to a certain point (plateau)
Color of Light- lights higher on the spectrum( blue/red) would have the fastest rate of photosynthesis because energy is the highest. Green light has the slowest rate of photosynthesis because chlorophyll reflects green light.
Temperature- increases with Rate of Photosynthesis, but once surpasses the optimum temperature (highest-point on graph) there is a steep decrease in Rate of photosynthesis as the enzymes are denatured and destroyed.
The products of photosynthesis are the ____ of cellular respiration.
-reactants
The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration.
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2+ 6H2O+light energy → C6H12O6+ 6O2
Carbon dioxide+water+light energy→glucose+ oxygen
Photosynthesis overall is a reaction that___ energy, and is __thermic
Photosynthesis overall is a reaction that absorbs energy, and is endothermic
In the photosynthesis reaction, light energy is absorbed by which pigment molecules, in which organelle?
Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll pigment molecules, which is in Chloroplast organelle.
The energy contained in food is converted to usable energy in the form of ATP by the process of _____.
cellular respiration. (Derives energy specifically from glucose)
Cellular respiration chemical equation
C6H1206+ 6O2–> 6CO2+6H2O+ ATP
Glucose+Oxygen–> Carbon dioxide+water+ATP
In which organelle does aerobic cellular respiration take place?
The aerobic cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria
correctly compare Glycolysis and Aerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria and produces the most amount of ATP.
The most ATP is made during the 3rd step of cellular respiration, which requires oxygen. This process is called_____
Electron Transport chain
Ali is in a weight-lifting program for one hour a day several days a week. During his workout each exercise only lasts 1 minute due to the difficulty of the exercises. A few hours after exercising, he notices his muscles are sore. His muscle cells have experienced___________ that led to the production of_____________________.
-fermentation: lactic acid
How much energy do organisms obtain from the previous trophic level and why?
organisms receive 10% from the previous level because the energy goes to energizing that organism + used for metabolism
Autotroph vs. Heterotroph
autotrophs= producers heterotroph= consumers
What are the 4 types of consumers +meaning
H. C.O. D. Herbivores- vegetation Carnivores- meat Omnivores- meat + vegetation Detrivores (decomposers)- dead material
Abiotic vs. biotic
Abiotic: nonliving factors without life (ex. water, soil)
Biotic: living factors in an ecosystem with life (ex. plants, animals)
-abiotic and biotic combine to create the ecosystem, essential factors
Biodiversity definition + causes of loss of biodiversity
Biodiversity
- Def: the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem
- Importance: balance- provides our planet with resources and services
- Causes: HICOP- Habitat loss, Invasive species, Climate change, Overharvesting, and Pollution
What are the 5 special interactions?
CPMCP Competition +/- or -/- Predation +/- Mutualism +/+ Commensalism +/neutral Parasitism +/-
Function & importance of photosythesis
Function: to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose which is used by plants and is stored
Importance: allows autotrophs (plants) to make own food
Function & importance of photosynthesis
Function- to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose which is used by plants and is stores.
Importance- Allows the (autotrophs) plants to produce their own food
Light depednent vs. light indpedent/calvin cycle (2 main types of photosythetic reactions)
Light dependent: “Photo”
- thykloid membrane
- requeires direct involvement of light and light-absorbing pigments
- light energy+water–> ATP & NADPH and oxygen(waste)
Light indpednet reactions/calvin cycle: “synthesis”
- stroma
- does not require light energy, but uses products from light dependent reaction
- ATP & NADPH (from light reaction) + Carbon Dioxide–> glucose
- recycles ADP and NADP to light reaction
–Function & importance of respiration
Function: the conversion of the chemical energy in food(glucose) into useable energy
Importancce: usable energy important for growth development and reproduction
Understanding ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
- —“chemical fuel” for lviving things that is used by cells to store and release energy (basic energy source used by all cells,; useful)
- —-Useful: can easily break chemical bonds (energy releases) and reform chemical bonds (energy stores) between its phosphate groups–rechargeable, reusable energy source that powers most cellular processes
- —–ADP(partially charged battery)+ a phosphate group= ATP (fully charged battery
- —-powers: storign energy, releasing energy, and using biochemical energy
Role of Mitochondria
where cellular respiration takes place - responsible for cellular energy production
-Aerobic vs anaerobic respiration (Fermentation)
- Aerobic respiration-with oxygen, mitochondria(first anaerobic step in cytoplasm), most amount of ATP
- Anaaerobic respiration(fermentation)-NO oxygen, cytoplasm
-3 stages of aerobic cellular respiration
aerobic cellular respiration
1) (anaerobic) GLYCOLYSIS: cytoplasm, glucose molecule splits into 2 pyruvate molecules. Small amount of energy produced.
2) (aerobic) KERBS CYCLE: mitochondria, break down pyruvate molecules into carbon dioxide to extract energy
3) (aerobic) ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN : mitochondria, uses high energy- electrons from gylcolisis and kerb cycle to convert ADP to ATP (MOST ATP)
anaerobic respiration (Fermentation)
no oxygen present–> fermentation
1) (anaerobic) GLYCOLYSIS: cytoplasm, glucose molecule splits into 2 pyruvate molecules. Small amount of energy produced.
2) lactis acid fermentation or alcholic fermentation (in yeasts)
_________ is used in muscles of animal cells when no oxygen is present.
lactic acid fermentation
_________ is used in muscles of animal cells when no oxygen is present.
lactic acid fermentation
