Ecology, photosynthesis, respiration

Question 1

Identify the first 4 trophic levels of a food chain.

Answer 1

Producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and tertiary consumer.

Question 2

Describe the order of organisms in an energy pyramid using a food chain:
Grass–> grasshopper–> mouse–> owl

Answer 2

Grass- producer
Grasshopper- primary consumer
Mouse-secondary consumer
Owl- tertiary

Question 3

Describe the 10% energy flow using the food chain above.

Grass–> grasshopper–> mouse–> owl

Answer 3

100% Grass- producer
10% Grasshopper- primary consumer
1% Mouse-secondary consumer
.1% Owl- tertiary

Question 4

Which of the following statements best describes the flow of energy through an ecosystem?

Answer 4

Energy flows in a one-way direction from producers to top consumers.

Question 5

Describe the factors that impact the rate of photosynthesis- light intensity, color of light, temperature, amount of CO2. Compare the graphs of these factors.

Answer 5

Carbon Dioxide concentration- LESS CO2, less photosynthesis, less product
Light Intensity- if light intensity is increased photosynthesis will increase up to a certain point (plateau)
Color of Light- lights higher on the spectrum( blue/red) would have the fastest rate of photosynthesis because energy is the highest. Green light has the slowest rate of photosynthesis because chlorophyll reflects green light.
Temperature- increases with Rate of Photosynthesis, but once surpasses the optimum temperature (highest-point on graph) there is a steep decrease in Rate of photosynthesis as the enzymes are denatured and destroyed.

Question 6

The products of photosynthesis are the ____ of cellular respiration.

Answer 6

-reactants

The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration.

Question 7

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 7

6CO2+ 6H2O+light energy → C6H12O6+ 6O2

Carbon dioxide+water+light energy→glucose+ oxygen

Question 8

Photosynthesis overall is a reaction that___ energy, and is __thermic

Answer 8

Photosynthesis overall is a reaction that absorbs energy, and is endothermic

Question 9

In the photosynthesis reaction, light energy is absorbed by which pigment molecules, in which organelle?

Answer 9

Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll pigment molecules, which is in Chloroplast organelle.

Question 10

The energy contained in food is converted to usable energy in the form of ATP by the process of _____.

Answer 10

cellular respiration. (Derives energy specifically from glucose)

Question 11

Cellular respiration chemical equation

Answer 11

C6H1206+ 6O2–> 6CO2+6H2O+ ATP

Glucose+Oxygen–> Carbon dioxide+water+ATP

Question 12

In which organelle does aerobic cellular respiration take place?

Answer 12

The aerobic cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria

Question 13

correctly compare Glycolysis and Aerobic respiration

Answer 13

Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria and produces the most amount of ATP.

Question 14

The most ATP is made during the 3rd step of cellular respiration, which requires oxygen. This process is called_____

Answer 14

Electron Transport chain

Question 15

Ali is in a weight-lifting program for one hour a day several days a week. During his workout each exercise only lasts 1 minute due to the difficulty of the exercises. A few hours after exercising, he notices his muscles are sore. His muscle cells have experienced___________ that led to the production of_____________________.

Answer 15

-fermentation: lactic acid

Question 16

How much energy do organisms obtain from the previous trophic level and why?

Answer 16

organisms receive 10% from the previous level because the energy goes to energizing that organism + used for metabolism

Question 17

Autotroph vs. Heterotroph

Answer 17

autotrophs= producers
heterotroph= consumers

Question 18

What are the 4 types of consumers +meaning

Answer 18

H. C.O. D.
Herbivores- vegetation
Carnivores- meat
Omnivores- meat + vegetation
Detrivores (decomposers)- dead material

Question 19

Abiotic vs. biotic

Answer 19

Abiotic: nonliving factors without life (ex. water, soil)
Biotic: living factors in an ecosystem with life (ex. plants, animals)

-abiotic and biotic combine to create the ecosystem, essential factors

Question 20

Biodiversity definition + causes of loss of biodiversity

Answer 20

Biodiversity

• Def: the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem
• Importance: balance- provides our planet with resources and services
• Causes: HICOP- Habitat loss, Invasive species, Climate change, Overharvesting, and Pollution

Question 21

What are the 5 special interactions?

Answer 21

CPMCP
Competition +/- or -/-
Predation +/-
Mutualism +/+
Commensalism +/neutral
Parasitism +/-

Question 22

Function & importance of photosythesis

Answer 22

Function: to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose which is used by plants and is stored
Importance: allows autotrophs (plants) to make own food

Question 22

Function & importance of photosynthesis

Answer 22

Function- to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose which is used by plants and is stores.
Importance- Allows the (autotrophs) plants to produce their own food

Question 23

Light depednent vs. light indpedent/calvin cycle (2 main types of photosythetic reactions)

Answer 23

Light dependent: “Photo”

• thykloid membrane
• requeires direct involvement of light and light-absorbing pigments
• light energy+water–> ATP & NADPH and oxygen(waste)

Light indpednet reactions/calvin cycle: “synthesis”

• stroma
• does not require light energy, but uses products from light dependent reaction
• ATP & NADPH (from light reaction) + Carbon Dioxide–> glucose
• recycles ADP and NADP to light reaction

Question 24

–Function & importance of respiration

Answer 24

Function: the conversion of the chemical energy in food(glucose) into useable energy

Importancce: usable energy important for growth development and reproduction

Question 25

Understanding ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Answer 25

• —“chemical fuel” for lviving things that is used by cells to store and release energy (basic energy source used by all cells,; useful)
• —-Useful: can easily break chemical bonds (energy releases) and reform chemical bonds (energy stores) between its phosphate groups–rechargeable, reusable energy source that powers most cellular processes
• —–ADP(partially charged battery)+ a phosphate group= ATP (fully charged battery
• —-powers: storign energy, releasing energy, and using biochemical energy

Question 26

Role of Mitochondria

Answer 26

where cellular respiration takes place - responsible for cellular energy production

Question 27

-Aerobic vs anaerobic respiration (Fermentation)

Answer 27

• Aerobic respiration-with oxygen, mitochondria(first anaerobic step in cytoplasm), most amount of ATP
• Anaaerobic respiration(fermentation)-NO oxygen, cytoplasm

Question 28

-3 stages of aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 28

aerobic cellular respiration

1) (anaerobic) GLYCOLYSIS: cytoplasm, glucose molecule splits into 2 pyruvate molecules. Small amount of energy produced.
2) (aerobic) KERBS CYCLE: mitochondria, break down pyruvate molecules into carbon dioxide to extract energy
3) (aerobic) ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN : mitochondria, uses high energy- electrons from gylcolisis and kerb cycle to convert ADP to ATP (MOST ATP)

Question 29

anaerobic respiration (Fermentation)

Answer 29

no oxygen present–> fermentation

1) (anaerobic) GLYCOLYSIS: cytoplasm, glucose molecule splits into 2 pyruvate molecules. Small amount of energy produced.
2) lactis acid fermentation or alcholic fermentation (in yeasts)

Question 30

_________ is used in muscles of animal cells when no oxygen is present.

Answer 30

lactic acid fermentation

Question 30

_________ is used in muscles of animal cells when no oxygen is present.

Answer 30

lactic acid fermentation