Ecology & Genetics

Question 1

a good scientific hypothesis

Answer 1

makes testable predictions

Question 2

a scientific theory

Answer 2

is supported by a large body of experiments

Question 3

a method used to determine population size

Answer 3

mark and recapture

Question 4

what limits a population from growing

Answer 4

reaching carrying capacity

Question 5

a group of horses interbreed w/ each other, but not horses in other areas. what is this an example of

Answer 5

population

Question 6

The actual places a population live at is their

Answer 6

ecological range

Question 7

populations usually stay in their own region but occasionally move into diff ones. this is a:

Answer 7

metapopulation

Question 8

horses live in migratory groups called herds, this is likely to be:

Answer 8

a grouped population distribution

Question 9

which of the following are included in the field of population demography

Answer 9

age structure
population size
population growth
survivorship

Question 10

an ecological community would include all of the following except

Answer 10

water availability

Question 11

Keystone species

Answer 11

a species that helps many other species

Question 12

resource partitioning

Answer 12

sharing the resources

Question 13

parasitism

Answer 13

harming other species to benefit oneself

Question 14

interference competition

Answer 14

fighting for resources between two diff species

Question 15

exploitative competition

Answer 15

competition of resources but indirectly

Question 16

succession

Answer 16

recovery of a damaged ecosystem

Question 17

which are the measures of an ecological community’s biodiversity

Answer 17

species richness
species evenness

Question 18

which of the following converts nitrogen its bioavailable forms

Answer 18

nitrogen fixation

Question 19

which has a step in their biogeological cycle in which living things capture them from air and covert them into bioavailable forms

Answer 19

carbon
nitrogen

Question 20

tertiary consumer

Answer 20

gains nutrition from eating primary and secondary consumers

Question 21

primary consumer

Answer 21

feed on autotrophic plants

Question 22

lower biomass

Answer 22

comes from higher up in the food web (ex. vulture)

Question 23

higher biomass

Answer 23

lower in the food web (ex. plants)

Question 24

why has CO^2 increased rapidly in the last hundred years

Answer 24

release of CO^2 from carbon sinks

Question 25

CO^2 levels fluctuate; higher in winter and lower in summer. this occurs due to

Answer 25

increased photosynthesis in the summer absorbing carbon

Question 26

how did scientists collect data about carbon dioxide levels in atmosphere from 800,000 years ago

Answer 26

chemical analysis of are bubbles in ice cores

Question 27

the sample contains 30% adenine bases, you can conclude:

Answer 27

30% of the bases are thymine

Question 28

DNA molecules are made up of:

Answer 28

nucleotides

Question 29

which contribute to genetic diversity in gametes

Answer 29

mutations
recombination
random alignment of chromosomes

Question 30

chromosomes are

Answer 30

very large DNA molecule that contain a unique set of genes

Question 31

Chromatids

Answer 31

each of the two threadlike strands

Question 32

where must a mutation occur to be passed onto the next generation

Answer 32

a germline cell

Question 33

produces reproductive cells like sperm and eggs

Answer 33

meiosis

Question 34

Diploid

Answer 34

Somatic cells; body cells (nerve, muscle, bone, etc.)

Question 35

haploid

Answer 35

gametes; sex cells (sperm & eggs)

Question 36

two sections of DNA are found at the same genetic locus and have exactly the same DNA. They are

Answer 36

the same allele of the same gene

Question 37

all alleles are originally created by

Answer 37

mutations

Question 38

genes always encode ___ and sometimes ___

Answer 38

RNA, proteins

Question 39

which molecules carries out transcription

Answer 39

RNA polymerase

Question 40

point mutation

Answer 40

changes in a single nucleotide of DNA or RNA (added, deleted, or changed)

Question 41

gain-of-function

Answer 41

acquire a new ability

Question 42

loss-of-function

Answer 42

prevents the normal gene product from working