Ecology Exam 3-Ch. 14 Flashcards
Invasive species
Are introduced species that spread rapidly and negatively affect other species
Parasitoids
Spend portion of life with host but kills host
Mesopredators
Relatively small carnivores that consume herbivores
Top predators
Predators that typically consume both herbivores and predators
Functional response
The relationship between the density of prey and an individual predator’s rate of food consumption
Type 1 functional response
As prey density increases, predators consume a constant proportion of prey until satiation
Type 2 functional response
Any increase in prey density is associated with a slowing rate of prey consumption
Type 3 functional response
When a predator exhibits low, rapid, and slowing prey consumption under low, moderate, and high prey densities respectively
Numerical response
A change in the number of predators through population growth or population movement
Spatial avoidance
When prey moves away from a predator
Crypsis
Camouflage that either allows an individual to match its environment or break up the outline
Structural defenses
Reduce a predator’s ability to capture, attack, or handle prey
Warning coloration (aposematism)
A strategy where distastefulness evolves in association with very conspicuous colors and patterns
Batesian mimicry
When palatable species evolve warning coloration that resembles unpalatable species
Mullerian mimicry
When several unpalatable species evolve a similar pattern of warning coloration
