Ecology Chapter 5

Question 1

Fundamental Niche

Answer 1

abiotic conditions only where the species could potentially live

Question 2

realized niche

Answer 2

abiotic and biotic, where the species actually is

Question 3

masting

Answer 3

when trees produce a huge number of seeds

Question 4

impacts of environmental variation

Answer 4

each species has a range of environmental tolerances that determine potential geographical distribution

Question 5

acclimatization

Answer 5

individuals change their physiology behavior or morphology to reduce stress
KEY- happens in individuals and is not genetic its ‘plastic’

Question 6

adaptation

Answer 6

populations that change genetically over time

Question 7

adaptation vs acclimation

Answer 7

people living at higher altitudes adapt to the lower oxygen concentration in the air
people traveling to higher altitudes go through safety stops so their blood can acclimate.

Question 8

ways of adapting to environmental variation

Answer 8

avoidance and tolerance

Question 9

avoidance

Answer 9

avoiding environmental extremes

Question 10

tolerance

Answer 10

survive environmental extremes

Question 11

conduction

Answer 11

transfer of energy from warmer to cooler molecules

Question 12

convection

Answer 12

heat energy is carried by moving water or air

Question 13

latent heat energy

Answer 13

water absorbs heat as it changes state from liquid to gas (evaporation)

Question 14

ectotherms

Answer 14

primarily regulate body temperature through energy exchange with external environment

Question 15

endotherms

Answer 15

relying primarily on heat generation internally -humans

Question 16

heterothermy

Answer 16

different regions of body subject to endo or ecto. (fish, insects etc)

Question 17

Advantages of endotherms (internal)

Answer 17

not as dependent on environment to be able to keep body temperature close to optimum

Question 18

disadvantages of endotherms

Answer 18

huge energy cost - use feathers, fur, pelts etc to keep eat in

Question 19

Bergman’s rule

Answer 19

animals get bigger at higher altitudes ex moose size

Question 20

Allen’s Rule

Answer 20

as you move north vertebrates in colder climates have shorter appendages ex. jack rabbits vs arctic hare or cape fox vs arctic fox

Question 21

torpor

Answer 21

short term state or dormancy -triggered by immediate cues

Question 22

large scale seasonal movement

Answer 22

migration - avoidance technique