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Honors Bio > Ecology - Biomes > Flashcards

Ecology - Biomes Flashcards

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1
Q

Tropical Forest (location)

A

Central, S America
Mid-Africa
SE Asia
N(E) Australia

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2
Q

Tropical Forest (characteristics/threats)

A

EQUATORIAL, warm areas
varying rainfall
poor soil quality

threats: deforestation by humans for products (palm oil)

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3
Q

Tropical Forest (animals)

A

monkeys, birds, insects, snakes, bats, frogs

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4
Q

Tropical Forest (plants)

A

rapid decomposition of plants to release nutrients into poor soil
tropical dry forest: thorny shrubs, deciduous trees, succulents
tropical rainforest: 300+ tree species, woody vines, bromeliads/orchids - large plants/leaves

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5
Q

Savanna (location)

A

N and E S America
S and N Africa
NW of India
N Australia

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6
Q

Savanna (characteristics/threats)

A

grasslands with scattered trees
year-round warmth
30-50 cm/year of rain - dry season, wet season
frequent fires
climate change and desertification

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7
Q

Savanna (animals)

A

large grazing mammals (herbivores, mammals) (migrate away to greener/moister pastures)
insects - ants and termites
burrowing animals

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8
Q

Savanna (plants)

A

poor soil and lack of moisture: lack of trees
grass doesn’t burn - plants grow off shoots below ground, able to survive droughts
leaves are deciduous during dry season to conserve water

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9
Q

Desert (location)

A

SW N America
SW strip of S America
N Africa
Mid/S Asia
Australia
between 30ºN and 30ºS latitude, areas in rain shadows

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10
Q

Desert (characteristics/threats)

A

DRIEST BIOME - lack of precipitation
low and unpredictable rain
hot temperatures, however others relatively cold
threat: semi-arid regions becoming deserts (DESERTIFICATION, climate change)

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11
Q

Desert (animals)

A

adapted to conserve water: nocturnal, burrowing animals to hide/keep cool,
seed-eaters

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12
Q

Desert (plants)

A

ranges from no perennial vegetation - scattered deep-rooted shrubs/water storing succulents
waxy coatings decrease water loss on leaves, spikes/pricks to avoid vegetating
large production of seeds stored for heavy rains

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13
Q

Chaparral (location)

A

COASTAL AREAS
Mediterranean
Small bit of S CA
SW Australia

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14
Q

Chaparral (characteristics/threats)

A

“place of evergreen scrub oaks”
rainy winter/hot and dry summer due to ocean currents
*near coasts, basically a desert but with a bit more precipitation because of ocean currents and evaporation
*threat: human fire prevention - build-up of flammable leaves; fires become worse **

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15
Q

Chaparral (animals)

A

browsers (deer, fruit-eating birds, seed-eating rodents, lizards and snakes)
temp. regulation in bigger ears, nocturnal, etc.

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16
Q

Chaparral (plants)

A

dense, spiny shrubs with evergreen leaves
plants adapted to fires/lightning fires - flammable leaves/chemicals that rapidly regenerate via food reserves in roots
ashes fertilize soil
seeds disperse during heat to grow in fertilized soil

17
Q

Temperate Grasslands (location)

A

Midwestern US
SE S America
Mid-Eurasia
SW Asia near Mediterranean

18
Q

Temperate Grasslands (characteristics/threats)

A

similar to Savana, but: less/no trees and seasons
along rivers/streams but conditions too dry for a forest
strong/productive agricultural region
**increasing agriculture, urban development

19
Q

Temperate Grasslands (animals)

A

bison (thick coat for winter and pronghorns
wild horses and sheep of Asian landscape
burrowing animals (churn soil)
birds nesting on the ground/burrowing

20
Q

Temperate Grasslands (plants)

A

drier regions: shortgrass prairie
wetter regions: tallgrass prairie

21
Q

Temperate Broadleaf Forests (location)

A

mid-latitude regions (E, W Eurasia, SE S America, E N America, small bit of S Africa)

22
Q

Temperate Broadleaf Forests (characteristics/threats)

A

hot summers/cold winters
relatively high precip.
sufficient moisture required for large trees
*urban development, increased hurricanes and temperatures, fragmentation (roads) of forests

23
Q

Temperate Broadleaf Forests (animals)

A

Invertebrates (mice, shrews, ground squirrels)
birds
Predators: bobcats, foxes, black bears, mountain lions, squirels, etc.
hibernation, foraging, behavioral adaptations

24
Q

Temperate Broadleaf Forests (plants)

A

DECIDIOUS trees (oak, hickory, birch, maple - dropping leaves allows dormancy and prevents water loss in winter because of frozen soil)

25
Q

Taiga (Boreal Forest, Coniferous) (locations)

A

Russia, N India, N N America, Chile and N S America

26
Q

Taiga (Boreal Forest, Coniferous) (characteristics/threats)

A

LARGEST TERRESTRIAL BIOME
cool, high elevations (mountains) - long, snowy, cold winter - short, wet summers - not much
warm, moist, coastal air - some temperate rain forests
*shrinking due to climate change

27
Q

Taiga (Boreal Forest, Coniferous) (animals)

A

moose, elk, hares, bears, wolves, grouse, migratory birds
*migration, hibernation, climate acclimation

28
Q

Taiga (Boreal Forest, Coniferous) (plants)

A

conifer needles (cone shaped, waxy coating prevents snow build-up but retains moisture) decompose slowly and don’t drop seasonally, make few nutrients

29
Q

Tundra (location)

A

N Hemisphere (N Eurasia, Greenland, N N America)

30
Q

Tundra (characteristics/threats)

A

*permafrost (continuously frozen subsoil)
cold, long winters with low light and low precipitation/poor drainage
*climate change - melting, releasing CO2

31
Q

Tundra (animals)

A

alpine tundra - high mountain top communities
animals with good insulation (musk, oxen, caribou, arctic fox, snowy owl), migratory animals

32
Q

Tundra (plants)

A

SHALLOW-ROOTED PLANTS - dwarf shrubs, grasses, mosses, lichens - no trees

33
Q

Polar Ice (location)

A

Antarctica, Greenland (high latitude, N of tundra)

34
Q

Polar ice (characteristics/threats)

A

polar ice surrounded by sea ice
year-round cold
*climate change, melting

35
Q

Polar ice (animals)

A

nematodes, mites, wingless insects
marine biomes visit ice to rest/breed/eat on (seals, marine birds)

36
Q

Polar ice (plants)

A

lichens/small plants and mosses

Honors Bio (2 decks)

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