Cell Biology - cell structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

cell/plasma membrane structure

A

selectively permeable
both plants and animals

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2
Q

cell/plasma membrane function

A

lets select material in/out:
contains cell and keeps things in cell stable

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3
Q

cytoplasm structure

A

jelly-like liquid inside cells
both plants and animals

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4
Q

cytoplasm function

A

supports organelles floating in it

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5
Q

cytoskeleton structure

A

collection of fibers throughout cell
both plants and animals

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6
Q

cytoskeleton function

A

supports cell and organelle shape
allows movement between organelles
3 parts: microtubules, actin filaments, intermediate filaments

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7
Q

ribosomes structure

A

non-membrane bound organelles
both plants and animals

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8
Q

ribosomes function

A

protein syntehsis (enzymes, DNA coding, etc)
free or bound to rough ER

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9
Q

nucleus structure

A

nucleolus, nuclear envelope, chromatin (DNA)
both plants and animals

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10
Q

nucleus function

A

holds DNA; genetic info for making proteins and other molecs.

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11
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum structure

A

rough (ribosomes)
or smooth (no ribosomes)
both plants and animals

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12
Q

ER function

A

processing of molecules (ex protein folding)
involved in transporting said molecs around
rough ER involved in protein producing/transporting via ribosomes
smooth ER involved in detoxification (liver), making some lipids

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13
Q

Vesicle structure

A

small sac filled with fluid
both plants and animals

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14
Q

Vesicle function

A

carries/transports in and out of cell

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15
Q

golgi apparatus structure

A

disconnected, flattened “stack of pancakes”
both plants and animals

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16
Q

golgi apparatus function

A

modifying, sorting, and packaging center - recieves items from vesicles from ER - enzymes, proteins sorts materials and determines where to send molecs (w/in or out of cell)

17
Q

mitochondria structure

A

double membrane, cristae/matrix
both plants and animals

18
Q

mitochondria function

A

powers cell via ATP/cellular respiration
plant cells have mitochondria and chloroplast

19
Q

chloroplast structure

A

double-membraned, oval-shaped stacks of grana, surrounded by stroma fluid
only plants

20
Q

chloroplast function

A

make glucose via photosynthesis

21
Q

vacuoles structure

A

plants: central vacuole
animal: several smaller vacuoles

22
Q

vacuoles function

A

storage of materials - salts, water, proteins, carbs
*plant cells have a central vacuole, animal cells don’t

23
Q

cell wall function

A

additional protection for plants from outside, keeping shape
only plants

24
Q

Lysosomes structure

A

enclosed sac of enzymes from rough ER
only animals

25
Q

lysosomes function

A

isolated, acidic environment for enzymes
helps with digestion by breaking down lipids, carbs, proteins

26
Q

Peroxisome structure

A

vesicles
both animals and plants

27
Q

Peroxisome function

A

metabolic vesicles which break down fatty acids/detoxify

28
Q

Centrosome

A

two centrioles

29
Q

cilia structure

A

only some animals
thin structure on the surface of some cells

30
Q

cilia function

A

allows movement

31
Q

flagella structure

A

long “tail”/whip-like structure
both plants and animals BUT rare in plants

32
Q

flagella function

A

movement