Cell Biology - cell structure and function

Question 1

cell/plasma membrane structure

Answer 1

selectively permeable
both plants and animals

Question 2

cell/plasma membrane function

Answer 2

lets select material in/out:
contains cell and keeps things in cell stable

Question 3

cytoplasm structure

Answer 3

jelly-like liquid inside cells
both plants and animals

Question 4

cytoplasm function

Answer 4

supports organelles floating in it

Question 5

cytoskeleton structure

Answer 5

collection of fibers throughout cell
both plants and animals

Question 6

cytoskeleton function

Answer 6

supports cell and organelle shape
allows movement between organelles
3 parts: microtubules, actin filaments, intermediate filaments

Question 7

ribosomes structure

Answer 7

non-membrane bound organelles
both plants and animals

Question 8

ribosomes function

Answer 8

protein syntehsis (enzymes, DNA coding, etc)
free or bound to rough ER

Question 9

nucleus structure

Answer 9

nucleolus, nuclear envelope, chromatin (DNA)
both plants and animals

Question 10

nucleus function

Answer 10

holds DNA; genetic info for making proteins and other molecs.

Question 11

Endoplasmic Reticulum structure

Answer 11

rough (ribosomes)
or smooth (no ribosomes)
both plants and animals

Question 12

ER function

Answer 12

processing of molecules (ex protein folding)
involved in transporting said molecs around
rough ER involved in protein producing/transporting via ribosomes
smooth ER involved in detoxification (liver), making some lipids

Question 13

Vesicle structure

Answer 13

small sac filled with fluid
both plants and animals

Question 14

Vesicle function

Answer 14

carries/transports in and out of cell

Question 15

golgi apparatus structure

Answer 15

disconnected, flattened “stack of pancakes”
both plants and animals

Question 16

golgi apparatus function

Answer 16

modifying, sorting, and packaging center - recieves items from vesicles from ER - enzymes, proteins sorts materials and determines where to send molecs (w/in or out of cell)

Question 17

mitochondria structure

Answer 17

double membrane, cristae/matrix
both plants and animals

Question 18

mitochondria function

Answer 18

powers cell via ATP/cellular respiration
plant cells have mitochondria and chloroplast

Question 19

chloroplast structure

Answer 19

double-membraned, oval-shaped stacks of grana, surrounded by stroma fluid
only plants

Question 20

chloroplast function

Answer 20

make glucose via photosynthesis

Question 21

vacuoles structure

Answer 21

plants: central vacuole
animal: several smaller vacuoles

Question 22

vacuoles function

Answer 22

storage of materials - salts, water, proteins, carbs
*plant cells have a central vacuole, animal cells don’t

Question 23

cell wall function

Answer 23

additional protection for plants from outside, keeping shape
only plants

Question 24

Lysosomes structure

Answer 24

enclosed sac of enzymes from rough ER
only animals

Question 25

lysosomes function

Answer 25

isolated, acidic environment for enzymes
helps with digestion by breaking down lipids, carbs, proteins

Question 26

Peroxisome structure

Answer 26

vesicles
both animals and plants

Question 27

Peroxisome function

Answer 27

metabolic vesicles which break down fatty acids/detoxify

Question 28

Centrosome

Answer 28

two centrioles

Question 29

cilia structure

Answer 29

only some animals
thin structure on the surface of some cells

Question 30

cilia function

Answer 30

allows movement

Question 31

flagella structure

Answer 31

long “tail”/whip-like structure
both plants and animals BUT rare in plants

Question 32

flagella function

Answer 32

movement