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Science Exam Review > Ecology (Biology) > Flashcards

Ecology (Biology) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The process where light energy from the Sun is converted into chemical energy, in the form of sugar.

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2
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

The process where sugar and oxygen is converted into carbon dioxide, water and useable/available energy.

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3
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

CO2 + H2O —(uv light)—> C6H1206 + O2

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4
Q

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + O2 —> CO2 + H2O + energy

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5
Q

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Why is it important?

A

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are important parts of the carbon cycle. While cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide into the environment, photosynthesis pulls carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.

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6
Q

What is a biotic factor? Give some examples.

A

The living thinds in an ecosystem. Ex. plants, animals, fungi, bacteria

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7
Q

What is an abiotic factor? Give some examples.

A

The non-living things in an ecosystem. Ex. water, sunlight, soil, air, temprature.

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8
Q

What is an ecological niche? Give an example of two species and thier niche.

A

A species niche includes what is feeds on, what it eats and how is behaves. Ex. bee drinks flower nectar, makes honey, pollenates flowers Ex. #2 tree frog eats small insects, eaten by birds or snakes, found in trees, limits number of insects.

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9
Q

What is a food chain?

A

A sequence of organisms, each feeding on the next.

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10
Q

What does a food chain show?

A

Shows how energy is transferred from one organism to another.

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11
Q

Explain the statement “energy is lost to the environment at each step of the food chain”.

A

Only 10% of energy moves from one trophic level to the next. The remainder of the energy is used to keep an organism alive.

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12
Q

What are the organisms called that are found at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th trophic levels?

A

1st lvl - producer
2nd lvl - primary consumer
3rd lvl - secondary consumer
4th lvl - tertiary consumer
5th lvl - apex predators

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13
Q

Why are food chains not completely accurate?

A

Food chains imply that organisms only eat one type of organism which is rarely true.

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14
Q

What is a food web?

A

A representation of the feeding relationships within a community.

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15
Q

What are autotrophs?

A

Producers/organisms that make their own food

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16
Q

What are heterotrophs?

A

Consumers/cannot make thier own food

17
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of individuals of the same species living together in the same area.

18
Q

What is a community?

A

All the living organisms in an area (several population).

19
Q

What is bioamplification?

A

The increase in concentration of a substance, such as a pesticide, as it moves higher up the food web.

20
Q

What is bioaccumulation?

A

The concentration of a substance, such as a pesticide, in the body of an organism.

21
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The variety of life in a particular ecosystem.

22
Q

Why is biodiversity important?

A

Essential for the processes that support all life on Earth. Without a wide range of animals, plants and microorganisms, we cannot have the healthy ecosystems that we rely on to provide us with the air we breathe and the food we eat.

23
Q

What is species richness?

A

The number of species in an area.

24
Q

Why is biodiversity being decreased?

A

Climate change, invasive species, pollution, habitat loss

25
Q

What are invasive species?

A

A non-native species whose intentional or accidental introduction negatively impacts the natural environment

26
Q

What are the three ways invasive species can be controlled?

A

Chemical (pests)
Mechanical (barriers or physical removal)
Biological (introducing a new predator)

27
Q

What is a tolerance range?

A

Too little or too much of an abiotic factor that will result in stress or death.

28
Q

What is an optimal range?

A

The range of conditions under which the organism survives best.

29
Q

What are the biotic factors that invovle interaction between individuals?

A

Competition, predation, commensalism, mutualism and parasitism.

30
Q

What is competition? Give an example.

A

When two individuals vie (fight) for the same resource. Foxes and coyotes both feed on common prey such as mice and rabbits.

31
Q

What is predation? Give an example.

A

When one individual feeds on another. Lynx prey on snowshoe hares.

32
Q

What is mutualism? Give an example.

A

When two individuals benefit from each other. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in the roots of certain plants. The plants provide sugars to the bacteria. The bacteria provide nitrogen to the plant.

33
Q

What is parasitism? Give an example.

A

When one individual lives on or in and feeds on a host organism. Tapeworms are parasites of cats and dogs.

34
Q

What is commensalism? Give an example.

A

When one individual benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed. Many birds nest in particular kinds of trees or in abandoned burrows.

35
Q

What is acid rain?

A

Precipitation that has been made more acidic than usual by the combination of certain chemicals in the air with water vapour.

36
Q

What are the effects of acid rain on aquatic ecosystems?

A

As rivers and lakes become more acidic, species decline in numbers and may disappear. For example, microscopic photosynthetic plankton that are at the bottom of the aquatic food web are negatively impacted. Crayfish, clams, and the fish that eat plankton are disappearing as their food supply decreases.

37
Q

How can we help decrease climate change?

A

Use renewable energy, reduce water waste, reduce automoblie useage, reduce, reuse, recycle, turn off the lights

38
Q

What are some technologies to help with climate change?

A

Renewable energies such as wind energy, solar power and hydropower.

Science Exam Review (4 decks)

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