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Science Exam Review > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a physical property? Give an example.

A

A characteristic of a substance that can be determined without changing the composition of that substance. Ex. the shiny kettle has high lustre.

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2
Q

What is a chemical property? Give an example.

A

A characteristic of a substance that is determined when the composition of the substance is changed and one or more new substances are produced. Colourless egg whites turn white during the chemical change called cooking (heating).

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3
Q

What is a qualitative physical property?

A

A property of a substance that is not measured and does not have a numerical value, such as colour, odour, and texture.

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4
Q

What is a quantitative physical property?

A

A property of a substance that is measured and has a numerical value, such as temperature, height and mass.

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5
Q

What is density?

A

A measure of how much mass is contained in a given unit volume of a substance; calculated by dividing the mass of a sample by its volume.

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6
Q

What is the formula for finding density?

A

Density = mass ÷ volume

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7
Q

What are the units of density?

A

soilds = g/cm³
liquids = g/mL³

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8
Q

What is the density of water?

A

1 gram per milliliter

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9
Q

How do you convert between units?

A

To convert cm to mm, multiply by 10.
To convert m to cm, multiply by 100.
To convert km to m, multiply by 1000.
To convert kg to grams, multiply by 1000.
To convert grams to mg, multiply by 1000.

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10
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A change in which the composition of the substance remains unaltered and no new substances are produced.

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11
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

A change in the starting substance or substances and the production of one or more new substances

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12
Q

What are signs that a chemical change has occured?

A

Change of colour + odour, bubbles, new solid can be seen, change in temprature.

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13
Q

What is the periodic table?

A

The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of the elements, arranges the chemical elements into rows and columns.

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14
Q

What is the first group in the periodic table? How can they be decribed?

A

Alkali metals. Soft, shiny, silvery and highly reactive.

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15
Q

What is the second group in the periodic table? How can they be decribed?

A

Alkaline earth metals. Light, shiny, silvery but not as soft or reactive as alkali metals.

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16
Q

What is the sevententh group in the periodic table? How can they be decribed?

A

Halogens. Very reactive.

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17
Q

What is the eighteenth group in the periodic table? How can they be decribed?

A

Noble gasses. Stable, rarely react.

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18
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest unit of an element.

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19
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Two or more atoms of the same or different elements that are chemically joined together in a unit.

20
Q

What is a compound?

A

A pure substance composed of two or more different elements that are chemically joined.

21
Q

What is a diatomic molecule?

A

A molecule consisting of atoms of the same element.

22
Q

How many atoms of each type of element are in MgCl₂?

A

One magnesium, two chloride

23
Q

How many atoms of each type of element are in Mg (SO₄)

A

1 magnesium, 1 sulphur, 4 oxygen.

24
Q

How many atoms of each type of element are in 3Ca(HCO3)2?

A

3 calcium, 2 hydrogen, 2 carbon, 6 oxygen

25
Q

What are the parts of an atom?

A

Nucleus, neutron, proton, electron, valence shell

26
Q

What particles are found in an atom?

A

Subatomic particles.

27
Q

Where is the neucleus located? What does it contain?

A

The centre of an atom. Contains neutrons and protons.

28
Q

Where are electrons located?

A

In the shells/rings of the atom.

29
Q

What is the mass of one proton?

A

1u

30
Q

What is the mass of one neutron?

A

1u

31
Q

What is the mass of one electron?

A

no mass/0.0005u

32
Q

What is a mass number?

A

Number of protons + number of neutrons

33
Q

What is an atomic number?

A

Number of protons in the nucleus.

34
Q

What is atomic mass?

A

Mass of an atom.

35
Q

What is the max number of electrons in the orbit shells?

A

1st shell (innermost shell) - 2
2nd shell - 8
3rd shell - 8
4th shell (outtermost shell) - 18

36
Q

How to find number of protons?

A

Same as the atomic number.

37
Q

How to find number of electrons?

A

Same as number of protons/atomic number.

38
Q

How to find number of neutrons?

A

Mass number - atomic number

39
Q

What are periods? Do they go vertically or horizontally?

A

Rows in the periodic table (→) horizontal

40
Q

What are groups? Do they go vertically or horizontally?

A

Columns in the periodic table. (↓) vertical

41
Q

Why are the valence electrons important?

A

Valence electrons are important because they determine how an atom will react. By writing an electron configuration, you’ll be able to see how many electrons occupy the highest energy level.

42
Q

How do valence electrons determine how reactive an atom is?

A

Atoms with one or two valence electrons are highly reactive. The higher the number of electrons in the valence shell, the less reactive it is.

43
Q

What is a negative ion called?

A

Anion

44
Q

What is a positive ion called?

A

Cation

45
Q

What is an ion?

A

A particle that has either a positive or negative charge.

46
Q

What is a cation?

A

An ion that has lost electrons, positively charged

47
Q

What is an anion?

A

An ion that has gained electrons, negatively charged.

Science Exam Review (4 decks)

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