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ecology bio Flashcards

1
Q

define ecology

A

the branch of biology that studies organisms interaction with each other and their environment

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2
Q

what does the 1 - biosphere contain

A

contains the thin volume of earth and the atmosphere that supports life.

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3
Q

what is found in the biosphere

A

all organisms

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4
Q

what is an 2 - ecosystem

A

all the living and non-living things in a particular area.

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5
Q

what is an example of an ecosystem in Lake Erie

A

fish, algae, rocks, and dirt

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6
Q

what are abiotic factors

A

the non-living things in an ecosystem (like the sun)

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7
Q

what are biotic factors

A

the living things in an ecosystem

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8
Q

what are 3 - communities

A

all the living things in a certain area

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9
Q

what are 4 - populations

A

all the members of a specific species

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10
Q

what is an example of populations in Lake Erie

A

Wali, trout, Segal’s, and or blue gills

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11
Q

what is an 5 - organism

A

any living thing

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12
Q

what is a habitat

A

a place where the organism lives

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13
Q

what is a niche

A

the organisms specific role in an environment

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14
Q

what are heterotrophs

A

they all consumers that rely on others for food

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15
Q

what are herbovers

A

organisms that only eat plants

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16
Q

what are three examples of herbovers

A

giraffe, panda, or elephant

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17
Q

what are carnivores

A

they only eat meat

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18
Q

what are three examples of carnivores

A

tiger, lion, wolf, or shark

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19
Q

what are omnivores

A

they eat both plants and meat

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20
Q

what are three examples of omnivores

A

humans, dogs, cats, or most bears

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21
Q

what are detritivores

A

they feed on garbage, fallen leaves, and dead organisms

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22
Q

what are three examples of detritivores

A

volture, ants, or racoons

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23
Q

what are decomposers

A

detritivores that cause deca by breaking down complex moluces into simpliar moluces

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24
Q

what are three examples of decomposers

A

bacteria, fungus, worms, or mushrooms

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25
what are generalists
consumers that have a varing diet(they eat whatever)
26
what is an example of a generalists
wolf
27
what is a specialist
consumers that primarily eats one specific organism or feeds on a very small variety of
28
what is an example of a specialist
Florida snail kit (apple snail)
29
what is a food chain
signal pathway of feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem that results in energy transfer.
30
how does a food chain always begin and end
always begins with a producer and ends with a tertiary consumer
31
what is a food web
in a related food chains in an ecosystem
32
what are trophic levels
indicate an organisms position in a sequence of energy tranfer
33
what is energy transfer
on average 10% of the total energy consumed in one trophic level is incorporated into the organisms into the next level
34
what are biogeochemical cycles
as energy and matter flow through on ecosystem matter must be recycled and reused
35
how many biogeochemical cycles are there
5
36
what is transpiration
water evaporates from the leaves of plants (2)
37
what is evaporation
water changes to a gas vapor into atmosphere (1)
38
what is precipitation
water leaves the atmosphere as rain, snow, sleet, hail, or fog (4)
39
what is condensation
water vapor in the atmosphere is condensed to make clouds (3)
40
what is groundwater
water from the soil and underground evaporate (5)
41
what do decomposer release in the oxygen cycle
carbon dioxide
42
all plants use what process
photosynthesis
43
carbon dioxide is used through what
cellular respiration
44
What is carbon
carbon is the building blocks of life because it's essential components of carbon hydrates, proteins, fats / lypids, and other organic compounds
45
where can carbon be found
in a solid, liquid, or gas
46
what are the sources of carbon
carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere, bicarbonate (HCO3), dissolved in water, fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas, natural gas), some rocks (limestone), and dead organic matter
47
what is step one of transfer of carbon between plant and animal
decompostion of dead animals : animals are breaking down and providing CO2 (carbon)
48
what is step two of transfer of carbon between plant and animal
the burning of fossil fuels in wood
49
what is step three of transfer of carbon between plant and animal
the admissions of car and factories
50
what is step four of transfer of carbon between plant and animal
methane emitted (give off) from wetlands, landfills, and livestock
51
where does most of the nitrogen cycle happen
underground
52
what % of the atmosphere is made out of nitrogen gas
78%
53
what is N2
nitrogen in it's gas form
54
organisms need nitrogen to live but what can't they use
nitrogen in it's gas form
55
what form of nitrogen did most organisms use it
ions such as ammonium (NH4+) or nitrates (NO3-)
56
what are ions
they have a charge
57
what is nitrogen fixation
certain types of bacteria can turn nitrogen into ammonium
58
After nitrogen fixation other bacteria can turn the product of ammonium into what
nitrates
59
what are nitrates used by and what do they do
used by plants to make amino acids and proteins
60
how does nitrogen move through a food web
through the living world as one organism eats another
61
what is the phosphorus cycle
the movement of phosphorus from the environment to organisms then back to the environment
62
the phosphorus cycle does not occur where
the atmosphere msotly
63
where does the phosphorus cycle mostly happen
underground
64
what does phosphorus needed for
DNA and bones
65
how do animals get phosphorus
by eating other animals
66
how do plants get phosphorus
by taking it through their roots and the soil
67
how is phosphates put back into the enivornment
released from the slow break down of rocks and when dead organisms are broken down by decomposers

quarter `1 (6 decks)

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