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quarter `1 > ecology bio > Flashcards

ecology bio Flashcards

1
Q

define ecology

A

the branch of biology that studies organisms interaction with each other and their environment

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2
Q

what does the 1 - biosphere contain

A

contains the thin volume of earth and the atmosphere that supports life.

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3
Q

what is found in the biosphere

A

all organisms

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4
Q

what is an 2 - ecosystem

A

all the living and non-living things in a particular area.

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5
Q

what is an example of an ecosystem in Lake Erie

A

fish, algae, rocks, and dirt

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6
Q

what are abiotic factors

A

the non-living things in an ecosystem (like the sun)

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7
Q

what are biotic factors

A

the living things in an ecosystem

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8
Q

what are 3 - communities

A

all the living things in a certain area

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9
Q

what are 4 - populations

A

all the members of a specific species

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10
Q

what is an example of populations in Lake Erie

A

Wali, trout, Segal’s, and or blue gills

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11
Q

what is an 5 - organism

A

any living thing

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12
Q

what is a habitat

A

a place where the organism lives

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13
Q

what is a niche

A

the organisms specific role in an environment

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14
Q

what are heterotrophs

A

they all consumers that rely on others for food

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15
Q

what are herbovers

A

organisms that only eat plants

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16
Q

what are three examples of herbovers

A

giraffe, panda, or elephant

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17
Q

what are carnivores

A

they only eat meat

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18
Q

what are three examples of carnivores

A

tiger, lion, wolf, or shark

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19
Q

what are omnivores

A

they eat both plants and meat

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20
Q

what are three examples of omnivores

A

humans, dogs, cats, or most bears

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21
Q

what are detritivores

A

they feed on garbage, fallen leaves, and dead organisms

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22
Q

what are three examples of detritivores

A

volture, ants, or racoons

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23
Q

what are decomposers

A

detritivores that cause deca by breaking down complex moluces into simpliar moluces

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24
Q

what are three examples of decomposers

A

bacteria, fungus, worms, or mushrooms

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25
Q

what are generalists

A

consumers that have a varing diet(they eat whatever)

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26
Q

what is an example of a generalists

A

wolf

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27
Q

what is a specialist

A

consumers that primarily eats one specific organism or feeds on a very small variety of

28
Q

what is an example of a specialist

A

Florida snail kit (apple snail)

29
Q

what is a food chain

A

signal pathway of feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem that results in energy transfer.

30
Q

how does a food chain always begin and end

A

always begins with a producer and ends with a tertiary consumer

31
Q

what is a food web

A

in a related food chains in an ecosystem

32
Q

what are trophic levels

A

indicate an organisms position in a sequence of energy tranfer

33
Q

what is energy transfer

A

on average 10% of the total energy consumed in one trophic level is incorporated into the organisms into the next level

34
Q

what are biogeochemical cycles

A

as energy and matter flow through on ecosystem matter must be recycled and reused

35
Q

how many biogeochemical cycles are there

A

5

36
Q

what is transpiration

A

water evaporates from the leaves of plants (2)

37
Q

what is evaporation

A

water changes to a gas vapor into atmosphere (1)

38
Q

what is precipitation

A

water leaves the atmosphere as rain, snow, sleet, hail, or fog (4)

39
Q

what is condensation

A

water vapor in the atmosphere is condensed to make clouds (3)

40
Q

what is groundwater

A

water from the soil and underground evaporate (5)

41
Q

what do decomposer release in the oxygen cycle

A

carbon dioxide

42
Q

all plants use what process

A

photosynthesis

43
Q

carbon dioxide is used through what

A

cellular respiration

44
Q

What is carbon

A

carbon is the building blocks of life because it’s essential components of carbon hydrates, proteins, fats / lypids, and other organic compounds

45
Q

where can carbon be found

A

in a solid, liquid, or gas

46
Q

what are the sources of carbon

A

carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere, bicarbonate (HCO3), dissolved in water, fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas, natural gas), some rocks (limestone), and dead organic matter

47
Q

what is step one of transfer of carbon between plant and animal

A

decompostion of dead animals : animals are breaking down and providing CO2 (carbon)

48
Q

what is step two of transfer of carbon between plant and animal

A

the burning of fossil fuels in wood

49
Q

what is step three of transfer of carbon between plant and animal

A

the admissions of car and factories

50
Q

what is step four of transfer of carbon between plant and animal

A

methane emitted (give off) from wetlands, landfills, and livestock

51
Q

where does most of the nitrogen cycle happen

A

underground

52
Q

what % of the atmosphere is made out of nitrogen gas

A

78%

53
Q

what is N2

A

nitrogen in it’s gas form

54
Q

organisms need nitrogen to live but what can’t they use

A

nitrogen in it’s gas form

55
Q

what form of nitrogen did most organisms use it

A

ions such as ammonium (NH4+) or nitrates (NO3-)

56
Q

what are ions

A

they have a charge

57
Q

what is nitrogen fixation

A

certain types of bacteria can turn nitrogen into ammonium

58
Q

After nitrogen fixation other bacteria can turn the product of ammonium into what

A

nitrates

59
Q

what are nitrates used by and what do they do

A

used by plants to make amino acids and proteins

60
Q

how does nitrogen move through a food web

A

through the living world as one organism eats another

61
Q

what is the phosphorus cycle

A

the movement of phosphorus from the environment to organisms then back to the environment

62
Q

the phosphorus cycle does not occur where

A

the atmosphere msotly

63
Q

where does the phosphorus cycle mostly happen

A

underground

64
Q

what does phosphorus needed for

A

DNA and bones

65
Q

how do animals get phosphorus

A

by eating other animals

66
Q

how do plants get phosphorus

A

by taking it through their roots and the soil

67
Q

how is phosphates put back into the enivornment

A

released from the slow break down of rocks and when dead organisms are broken down by decomposers

quarter `1 (6 decks)

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