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quarter `1 > bio chapter 1 > Flashcards

bio chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

scientific method

A

procedure for formulating, testing, and eliminating ideas

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2
Q

observation

A

using your 5 senses
Example - Allies hair is up.

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3
Q

inference

A

a statement made from an observation
Example - Someones hair is up because they are hot.

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4
Q

hypothesis

A

an educated guess and a written statement. You can only disprove hypothesis you can never prove them.
Example - girls are more flexible than boys

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5
Q

prediction

A

stating in advance the results that will be obtained is the hypothesis is correct. (if, then statement)
Example - If girls are more flexible than boys then girls will have a higher score on the sit and reach test.

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6
Q

experiment

A

a procedure carried out under controlled conditions to test a hypothesis

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7
Q

data

A

???

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8
Q

control group

A

a group that nothing is done to (used for comparison)

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9
Q

experimental group

A

a group that something happens to

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10
Q

constants

A

Things that are not changed in any way in the experiment

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11
Q

independent variable

A

factor that is changed (x-axis)

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12
Q

dependent variable

A

measured in an experiment (y-axis)
Example - height or weight

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13
Q

analyzing

A

the process of determining whether data is reliable and whether it supports or rejects your hypothesis

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14
Q

satistics

A

the science of collecting and analyzing numerical data (always analyzing the dependent variable)

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15
Q

conclusion

A

???
Example - The data indicated plants need sunlight to grow.

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16
Q

conditions

A

anything you have to consider before making a conclusion (things that may have affected your results)

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17
Q

theory

A

explanation for a large set of data (this is not part of the scientific method)

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18
Q

scientific law

A

is fact

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19
Q

what are the three parts of an controlled experiment

A

one variable (independent variable), experimental group, and controlled group

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20
Q

recognize a problem / questioning

A

needs to be testable, and or you are curious

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21
Q

biology

A

the study of life

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22
Q

organism

A

any living thing

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23
Q

organells

A

tiny structures within the cell that have a specific function
Example - mitochondria, or chloroplast

24
Q

organ

A

Example - small/large intestate, liver, and kidney

25
Q

organ system

A

there are 11 human systems
Example - reproductive, or muscular

26
Q

what are the levels of organization in order

A

1- atoms
2- molecules
3- organelles
4- cells
5- tissue
6- organs
7-organ system
8- organism

27
Q

list the characteristics of life

A

1- living things are highly organized at both molecular and cellular levels
2- cell
3-Metabolism
4-growth
5-development
6-obtain energy form the surrounding
7-respond to a stimulus
8- homeostasis
9- reproduction and heredity
10- evolution
11- excretion

28
Q

cell

A

basic unit of life

29
Q

unicellular

A

contains only one cell
Example - bacteria, paramecium amoeba

30
Q

multi-celluar

A

contains more than one cell
Example - plants, animals

31
Q

prokaryotes

A

do not contain a true nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Example - bacteria

32
Q

eukaryote

A

does contain a true nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Example - humans, animals, plants

33
Q

metabolism

A

refers to all the chemical reactions in an organism that take in and transfer energy and material into environment

34
Q

growth

A

an increase in size do to call division

35
Q

development

A

a series of changes that occur during growth

36
Q

differentiation

A

un-specialized cells become specialized cells

37
Q

where does almost all energy come from

A

the sun

38
Q

apostrophes

A

organisms that make their own food (producers)
Example - plants

39
Q

hererotrophes

A

rely on others for food - get energy from cellular respiration
Example - animals and humans

40
Q

nutrients

A

substances used for growth, maintenance and repair
examples - protein, water, minerals, vitumans

41
Q

cellular respiration equation

A

6O2 + C6H12O6 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O+ATP

42
Q

photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O–>C6H12O6 + 6O2

43
Q

stimulates

A

a physical or chemical change in the internal or external environment
Examples - sunlight on your eyes, when its going to rain and the leaves turn over (A REACTION)

44
Q

homeostatsis

A

The ability of an organism to maintenance a stable internal environment despite a constantly changing external environment
Example - when you sweat when its hot to cool your body

45
Q

reproduction

A

making more organisms

46
Q

asexual reproduction and how do humans use it

A

one cell divides and not genetic material is exchanged and humans use it to reproduce cells

47
Q

sexual reproduction and how do humans use it

A

union of two cells and genetic material is exchanged and humans use it to produce more organisms

48
Q

mutation

A

are mistakes in the DNA

49
Q

where heredity material is found

A

in genes in the form of DNA on the chromosomes in the nucleus

50
Q

what determines characteristics

A

determined by both genes and the environment

51
Q

evolution

A

the process by which species have arisen and changed as they descend from common ancestors (a change over a long period of time)

52
Q

Charles Darwin’s theory

A

based on natural selection

53
Q

natural selection

A

organisms that have certain favorable traits are better able to reproduce than those without the traits
Examples - Giraffes with short necks couldn’t reach their food

54
Q

adaptation

A

traits and behaviors that enable a species to survive
Examples - Artic bunnies have white fur to blend in

55
Q

excretion

A

the removal of waste

quarter `1 (6 decks)

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