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Biology > Ecology and Life forms #3 > Flashcards

Ecology and Life forms #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Classification

A

2 Domains
1 modern bacteria
2 Archaea: ancient extremophiles with different cell wall; and histones like eukaryotes

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2
Q

Structure of bacteria
size
shape
cell parts

A 
Size: 1-10μm
Shape:
cocci-round
bacillus-hot dog
spirilla-twisted
Cell parts:
ribosomes
chromosomes
plasmids
peptidoglycan cell wall( sugar and protein)
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3
Q

bacteria reproduction

A

asexual

binary fission

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4
Q

bacterial conjugation

A

pass plasmids through mating bridge/PILI

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5
Q

anaerobe

A

dies when exposed to oxygen

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6
Q

aerobe

A

dies without oxygen

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7
Q

tetanus

A

in a ball of rust there is bacteria, sitting on metal that rust the bacteria could get inside of you if you step on rusted needle

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8
Q

photoautotroph

A

uses light as food/energy

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9
Q

chemoautotroph

A

uses chemicals like nitrites and H2S for energy (cave bacteria)

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10
Q

chemoheterotroph

A

get energy by eating organic food

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11
Q

bioremediation

A

help get rid of waste ( septic tanks, toxic waste)

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12
Q

decomposer

A

break down our garbage and return elements that the earth needs

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13
Q 
Protista
general traits
examples
effect our life
fungi like protist
animal like protist
A 
General traits:
eukaryotes
most unicellular
most asexual
some consumer
some producers
Examples:
seaweeds/kelp
algae
Effect our life:
make up 70% of oxygen we breathe
important as food (fish eat algae)
commercial uses paints, thickener, ice cream
Fungi like protist:
ex. slime molds
features: unicellular and multicellular stages
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14
Q 
Fungus
food
structure
reproduction
cell wall
uses 
problems
A

Food: heterotrophic decomposers
Structure:
mycelium- long continuous thread of fungus cells
Reproduction: spores, asexual
Cell wall: chitin
Uses:
food industry-wine, beer (yeast-unicellular) bread
most expensive fungus around $1000 (truffle) picks up flavors well, dog trained to look for truffle. Some fungus kill bacteria (penicillin) medicine
Problems:
mold, rot
infections- yeast infection, athletes foot
Ergots- fungus that grows on grain. Salem witches thought to be stoned on Ergots from bread. (makes high)

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15
Q

Plants
kingdom traits
organ function

A

Kingdom traits: photoautotroph, photosynthesis
sexual reproduction
multicellular
Organ function:
roots- absorb water minerals, anchor, store starch
stem- support, transport 2 vascular tissue; phloem, xylem
leaves- photosynthesis, stomata; gas exchange
reproductive structures- flower; to attract pollinators (nectar, colors, smells). seed bearing structures; dry fruits (seeds, beans, nuts)

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16
Q

Ecology

A

The study of the interactions between life forms and their environment

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17
Q

Biosphere

A

The region of the earth where life exists

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18
Q

Biome

A

Specific regions of earth identified by their climate and life forms

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19
Q

Tropical Forest

A

Climate: High temperature, heavy rainfall
Vegetation: tall trees
Animals: frog, monkey, toucan, sloth

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20
Q

Savannas

A

Climate: Tropical, high temperature, less rainfall than tropical rainforest
Vegetation: grasslands, scattered trees
Animals: lion, elephant, hippo, giraffe

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21
Q

Desert

A

Climate:Hot, dry
Vegetation: cacti, succulents
Animals: snake, mice, lizards

22
Q

Grassland

A

Climate: Season droughts,occasional fires, less water and lower temperatures than savannas
Vegetation:grasses
Animals: prairie dogs, bison, buffalo, antelope

23
Q

Deciduous Forest

A

Climate: warm summer, cold winters, moderate precipitation
Vegetation: Deciduous trees
Animals: bear, badger, hedgehog, deer

24
Q

Coniferous Forest (evergreen)

A

Climate: cold winters, heavy snow
Vegetation: cone-bearing trees
Animals: bear, moose

25
Tundra
Climate: very cold, permafrost, high winds, little rainfall Vegetation: grasses, sedges Animals: reindeer, arctic fox, polar bear
26
Chaparral (scrub forest)
Climate: temperate, heat in summers, fires Vegetation:bushes, shrubs, oak trees Animals: bear, deer, mountain lion, hawk
27
Ecosystem
a given area's abiotic and biotic features
28
Abiotic
non-living; sun, minerals
29
Biotic
living; fungus, plants
30
community
different populations of species living in the same area
31
Ecological succession
The change in an environment following a disturbance ( fire, volcano)
32
NICHE
an organisms habitat and role in that habitat
33
Energy flow
Energy enters an ecosystem as light and is converted to chemical energy like sugar by plants. It will be lost from the ecosystem as heat
34
Food chain
pathway of food transfer from one trophic level to another
35
Food web
a pattern of feeding of an ecosystem's interconnected food chains
36
10% energy efficiency rule
only about 10% of the energy in one trophic level is passed to the next level
37
Energy pyramid
emphasizes energy loss from each trophic level
38
Why are most food chains limited to only 3 or 4 levels
There is not enough energy at the top of the energy pyramid to support another trophic level
39
number pyramid
Depicts the number of organisms in each trophic level of an ecosystem
40
chemical cycles
A series of steps between organisms and their environment to cycle nutrients in an ecosystem.
41
Carbon cycle process
``` photosynthesis- input CO2 output C6 H12 O6 (sugars) consumption- input C6 H12 O6 (sugars) output CO2, waste cell respiration input C6 H12 O6 output CO2 decomposition input waste output CO2 ```
42
condensation
process of water vapor cooling to form clouds
43
evaporation
process of liquid water becoming a gas
44
precipitation
process of water vapor condensing and falling to Earth
45
transpiration
process when water vapor exits plant leaves through the stomata
46
Biological magnification
Causes: Process when the concentration of toxins accumulate through trophic levels of a food chain. Phenomenon in which the concentration of a toxin in each organism of food chain is increased Damaging results: Rachel Carson noticed DDT affected ability to make thick egg shell, shells break when birds sit to warm them
47
Ozone depletion
Causes: Accumulation of chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) an freon (used in air conditioning, fridge, and styro foam Damaging results: skin cancer, eye issues, immune systems, plants trees
48
Greenhouse effect
Causes: Accumulation of CO2 in atmosphere that blankets the earth trapping in the sun's heat Damaging results: melting glaciers, floods. warm tundra permafrost, increase fire, coral reef bleach, disease spread ( malaria, mosquito)
49
Deforestation
Causes: two acres of rain forest destroyed every second | Damaging results: loss of biodiversity, climate change, mine, build roads, oil drilling
50
Acid rain
Causes: excessive sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide from exhaust. SOx and NOx compounds released from factory exhaust Damaging results: ruins the soil for plants, destroy monuments and corrodes cars
51
Population
Causes:women who don't have education or opportunity have more kids. China/india have most population. Have many children to have more workers for the family. Damaging results: Population relates to poverty. Many kids will die Solution: female literacy, give education and job

Biology (5 decks)

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