Ecology and Evolution

Question 1

When a species of bird preys upon the seeds of a plant and prefers to eat the smallest seeds

Answer 1

Natural selection favors individual plants that produce large seeds

Question 2

In the New England temperate forest, the primary producers include

Answer 2

Oak trees

Question 3

A giraffe eating the leaves off of a tree is an example of
A) Competition
B) Consumption
C) Predation
D) Herbivory
E) A&C
F) A&D
G) B&C
H) B&D

Answer 3

B & D

Question 4

An ecosystem’s Net Primary Productivity consists of the
A) total amount of energy captured by primary producers through photosynthesis.
B) amount of energy passed to the highest level of a food chain.
C) net biomass of the entire ecosystem.
D) gross primary productivity less the amount captured by primary consumers.
E) None of the above.

Answer 4

None of the above.

Question 5

To declare a group of species a monophyletic group, which of the following conditions must be met?

Answer 5

They must descend from a common ancestor

Question 6

Mendel’s law of segregation describes

Answer 6

The separation of alleles of a given gene into gamete cells

Question 7

Recombinant chromosomes results when

Answer 7

Chromosomes from different parents cross over and swap genetic information

Question 8

Which of the following is not a method of determining common ancestry among potentially related species?

Answer 8

Comparing the waste products of both modern species

Question 9

The NPP of the grasses in this food web is 2500 J/m2. How much of the grass’ energy is available to the owl (3rd level)?

Answer 9

25 J/m2

Question 10

All of the species in the food web depicted collectively represent a/an

Answer 10

Community

Question 11

A cross between two plants heterozygous for both seed color (Yy) and height (Tt) produces 1600 offspring. What is the ratio of phenotypes that would result from this cross?

Answer 11

9:3:3:1 ratio
Yellow, Tall: 900 (double dominant)
Yellow, Short: 300
Green, Tall: 300
Green, Short: 100 (double recessive)

Question 12

Hemophilia A is a blood clotting disorder in many species, including humans and dogs. A breeder of German Shepherds tells you that most dogs afflicted with hemophilia are male and rarely female. Use 2 -3 sentences to explain this phenomenon to the breeder.

Answer 12

Some genes are sex-linked. This means that the dogs that express hemophilia A will be mostly male because the disorder is linked to the X chromosome. Female dogs are less likely to present with this disorder because they have two X chromosomes, so if the allele is only found on one of their X chromosomes it may not be expressed.

Question 13

The breeder has a prize-winning male German Shephard that he intends to breed, but it is afflicted with hemophilia. The breeder asks you about the probability of hemophilia A in the offspring if he mates an afflicted male with a homozygous (wild type or +/+) female. What percentage of offspring would be afflicted males?

Answer 13

0% because they only inherit the Y chromosome from father, and non-afflicted X chromosomes from mother

Question 14

The breeder has a prize-winning male German Shephard that he intends to breed, but it is afflicted with hemophilia. The breeder asks you about the probability of hemophilia A in the offspring if he mates an afflicted male with a homozygous (wild type or +/+) female. What percentage of offspring would be carrier females?

Answer 14

50% because all females in the F1 generation will receive 1 wild type from mother and 1 afflicted allele from father.