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Science > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Ecology

A

The study plants,animals and their environment, and the relationship between them

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2
Q

Environment

A

Is everything that surrounds an animal or plant

For example:air, water, rocks

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3
Q

Habitat

A

The place where a plant or animal lives

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4
Q

Community

A

Is all the different populations that live in the habitat

For example: hedgehogs, snails, foxes and primroses belong to the woodland community

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5
Q

Interdependence

A

Is how organisms depend on each other for their survival

For example: buttercups depend on bees for food, bees need buttercups for pollination

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6
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the plants and animals in area interacting with each other and their environment
For example:desert, tropical rainforest, grasslands, seashore

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7
Q

Biome

A

An ecosystem that extends over a very large area

For example: rainforest

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8
Q

Biosphere

A

All of the earths ecosystems together form one large ecosystem

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9
Q

Producer

A

Plants that make their own food

E.G grass

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10
Q

Consumer

A

Animals they get their food by eating plants or other animals

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11
Q

Herbivore

A

An animal that eats plants only

E.g rabbit, sheep, slug, snail

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12
Q

Carnivore

A

An animal that eats other animals

E.g fox, hawk, ladybird

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13
Q

Food chain

A

Shows how one organism eats another and so on

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14
Q

Feeding level

A

The position of an organism in the food chain

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15
Q

Amount of energy

A

The amount of energy gets less and less as you go along the food chain

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16
Q

Food Web

A

Is two or more interconnected food chains

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17
Q

Competition

A

Occurs when two or more organisms seek a resource that is limited
Plants compete for light, water, minerals and space
Animals compete for food, shelter and mates

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18
Q

Adaptations

A

Are features that give an organism a better chance of surviving in their habitat

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19
Q

Dandelion adaptation

A

The dandelion has a long root which means it reaches below the short root of grass to get water
Dandelions are able to compete for space because they are able to spread their seeds in the wind

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20
Q

Hedgehog adaptation

A

Hedgehogs have an excellent sense of smell to make them good at finding food
Hedgehogs have spikes to fight if predators
Hedgehogs have a colour which makes them camouflaged so predators can’t find them easily

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21
Q

Abiotic and biotic Factors

A

Plants and animals are affected by living and non-living factors in their environment
Abiotic- are non-living e.g weather
Biotic- are living e.g .competition, predation, symbols

22
Q

Predation

A

Controls numbers of organisms in an ecosystem e.g ladybirds eat aphids, lions eat zebras

23
Q

Symbiosis

A

Is a relationship between organisms of different species where at least one benefits. E.g. cleaner fish eats parasites out of the mouths of eels

24
Q

Population

A

All of the individual organisms of the same species in a habitat

25
Q

Balance of nature

A

Over time, the number and types of species in an ecosystem reach a steady state known as the balance of nature

26
Q

Predator

A

An animal that hunts, kills and eats another animal (prey)

27
Q

Prey

A

An animal that is hunted, killed and eaten by another animal (predator)

28
Q

Feeding relationship

A

The way energy and nutrients are passed from one organism to another

29
Q

Biomass

A

The quantity of matter in an organism

30
Q

Omnivore

A

Animals that eat both plants and animals

31
Q

Qualatitive survey

A

A list of the different species in a habitat

32
Q

Quadrat

A

A square frame made of metal, plastic or wood that is used during quantitative surveys of habitats

33
Q

Identification key

A

Used to identify an unknown animal or plant during a habitat study

34
Q

Quantitative survey

A

Numerical data about the species in a habitat

35
Q

Frequency

A

The percentage chance of a particular species being present in randomly chosen quadrat

36
Q

Percentage cover

A

The proportion of ground covered by plants or animals. Percentage cover may be calculated during a quantitative of a habitat

37
Q

Distribution

A

The areas in a habitat where a species is located

38
Q

Line transects

A

A way of investigating the distribution of a plant species across a habitat. A rope is laid out across the habitat and marked with a knot at every metre. Each knot is checked to see if the species under survey has touched the line transect and the result is recorded

39
Q

Abundance

A

The number of individuals in a population of a species in a habitat

40
Q

Conservation

A

Is the protection, preservation and careful use of our natural resources e.g. land and rivers

41
Q

Pollution

A

Adding unwanted waste to the environment causing damage to it. If one organism is damaged it can be harmful to many other plants and animals

42
Q

Air pollution

A

Caused by smoke, dust and harmful gasses - most of these come from cars, buses, factories and power stations

43
Q

Fossil fuels

A

When fossil fuels are burned they produce gasses called carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide

44
Q

Soil pollution

A

Caused by Pesticides, artificial fertilisers and acid rain

45
Q

Water pollution

A

Rivers, lakes and seas are polluted by fertilisers, sewage, oil and detergents
Fertilisers seep into rivers and cause too much plant growth, bacteria populations boom as they feed on dead plants and no oxygen is left for fish

46
Q

Incineration

A

Burning the waste, this can release dangerous gasses into the atmosphere, difficulties with location nobody wants to live near an incinerator

47
Q

Landfill

A

Burying waste in ground-damages soil, rivers and ground water, attracts rodents, disease causing, bad smell, difficulties as nobody wants to live near landfill sites

48
Q

3 R’s

A

Reduce, Reuse and Recycle to make sure that we do not damage our environment and that future generations will have a nice place to live

49
Q

Reduce

A

Use your own bag, do not pick the items with extra packaging

50
Q

Recycling

A

Paper, glass, some metals and plastics can be processed and reused

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