Ecology

Question 1

Levels of biological organization

Answer 1

organism, population, communities, ecosystem, biosphere

Question 2

define population

Answer 2

group of organisms of the same species

Question 3

what is a species

Answer 3

any group of similar organisms capable of producing fertile offspring

Question 4

what is a community in biology?

Answer 4

consists of populations of different plants and animal species interacting with eachother in a given environment

Question 5

define ecosystem

Answer 5

an ecosystem encompasses the interaction between living biotic communities and the nonliving environment

Question 6

biosphere

Answer 6

includes portions of the planet that support life: the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere

Question 7

lithosphere

Answer 7

rock and soil surface

Question 8

hydrosphere

Answer 8

oecans

Question 9

photic zone

Answer 9

top layer of water through which light can penetrate.

Where aquatic photosynthetic activity takes place

Question 10

what is substratum?

Answer 10

soil or rock.

It determines the nature of plant and animal life in the soil.

Question 11

Define niche

Answer 11

the niche defines the functional role of an organism in its ecosystem.
The niche describes what the organism eats, where and how it obtains its food, what climactic factors it can tolerate, nature of predators, etc.

Question 12

Why do herbivores have longer digestive tracts?

Answer 12

longer digestive tract provides greater surface area and time for digestion

Question 13

3 types of symbiosis

Answer 13

commensalism, mutualism, parasitism

Question 14

what is obligatory symbiosis?

Answer 14

when one or both organisms in a symbiotic relationship cannot survive without the other

Question 15

Define commensalism

Answer 15

(+/0)

Symbiotic relationship in which one organism is benefited by the associate, and the other is not affected.

Question 16

Define mutualism

Answer 16

(+/+)

Symbiotic relationship in which both organisms derive some benefit

Question 17

Define parasitism

Answer 17

(+/-)

Symbiotic relationship in which a parasite benefits at the expense of the host.

Question 18

When does parasitism exist the most?

Answer 18

when competition for food is most intense

Question 19

the relationship between fungi and algae is an example of ____

Answer 19

mutualism.
In lichen, the green algae produces food for itself and the fungus by photosynthesis. The meshes of fungal thread support the algae and conserve rainwater

Question 20

worms in animals is an example of what kind of relationshi?

Answer 20

parasitism

Question 21

the relationship between a barnacle and whale is an example of ____

Answer 21

commensalism.

Barnacle attaches to whale to obtain a wider feeding opportunity through the migration of the whale. No effect on whale.

Question 22

define saprophytism

Answer 22

Saprophytes include those protists and fungi that DECOMPOSE dead organism matter .
Eg. mold, mushrooms, bacteria of decay, and slime molds

Question 23

define scavenger

Answer 23

Scavengers are animals that consume dead animals

Question 24

Hardy-Weinberg equations

Answer 24

p + q = 1

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1