Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Enviroment

A

Factors that affect an organism’s chance of survival

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2
Q

Ecology

A

The study of how organisms interact with each other and their non living surroundings

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3
Q

Ecosystem

A

The place where organisms and their physical surroundings form an environment that is different from other environment

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4
Q

Abiotic factors

A

These are non living factors, physical factors eg. air quality and humidity, amount of sunlight, rainfall, wind, fire

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5
Q

Biotic factors

A

These are living factors

eg. Predators, parasites

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6
Q

Sustainability

A

An ecosystem has the ability to maintain suitable living conditions for the community

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7
Q

Food chain

A

Diagram showing the sequence of energy transfer

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8
Q

Food web

A

Energy transfer in a community

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9
Q

Biodiversity

A

The number of different species in an ecosystem and the population of each species

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10
Q

HIPPO

A
Habitat loss, deforestation 
Invasive species, cane toad
Pollution, oil spills
Population, overpopulation and effect 
Over harvesting, hunting, fishing
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11
Q

Insecticides

A

Chemicals than can kill insects

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12
Q

Predation

A

One organism kills another for food

eg. Lion

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13
Q

Parasitism

A

One organism benefit by harming another

eg. Human —> mosquitoes

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14
Q

Commensalism

A

One organism benefits and another is uneffected

eg. Eagle and cactus

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15
Q

Mutualism

A

Both organisms benefit

eg. Dog and human

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16
Q

Competition

A

When two organisms compete for the same food source

eg. Lion and Hyena

17
Q

Trophic levels

A

Describes the number of energy transfer

18
Q

Autorophs

A

Organisms that make their own food

eg. Plants, algae

19
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Organisms that consume others

eg dogs, fish

20
Q

Community

A

All living things in the system

21
Q

Niche

A

The role an organism has

22
Q

Structural adaptations

A

Physical features of an organism

eg. Bones

23
Q

Behavioural adaptations

A

Things that organisms do

eg migration

24
Q

Physiological Adaptations

A

Keeping internal conditions that same, homeostasis

eg. Sweating

25
Global warming
Prevents heat from escaping causing temperatures to rise
26
Deforestation
Causes habitat fragmentation, forcing animals and plants into confined areas
27
Ozone Depletion
Caused by aresol chemicals that escape into the atmosphere breaking down the ozone
28
Fishing activities
Caused by demand for fish/shellfish and commercial fishing can be harmful to the population of fish species
29
Invasive species
Introduced by humans and are problems because they have no natural predators eg cane toads
30
Eutrophication
When excessive amounts of nitrogen is dumped into a river which leads to algae infestations. When this occurs it cuts off the river’s oxygen supply
31
Seafloor spreading
The process of new crust forming at the ocean ridges and spreading outwards
32
Tectonic plate
Section of the earths crust the moves across the surface
33
Subduction
When one plate sinks below another
34
Magnetic striping
Patterns of magnetised rock on each side of the plate boundary showing which direction the magnetic field is
35
Ocean ridge
A deep channel in the ocean floor where the crust is sinking down
36
Earthquake
A sudden realise of energy
37
Focus
The point within the earth where faulting begins
38
Epicentre
The point directly above the focus on the surface