ecology

Question 1

abiotic factors

Answer 1

temp, water, breeding sites, territory, light, soil pH, salinity, mineral nutrients

Question 2

rhizomes

Answer 2

underground stems that grow upward and sends out roots to get water as sand accumulates

Question 3

stomata indentations prevent

Answer 3

water loss

Question 4

mangrove tree adaptations

Answer 4

roots grow closer to surface for O2, acquires carbon compounds/minerals to allow more H2O via osmosis, leaves secrete salts

Question 5

factors for coral reef formation

Answer 5

tropical waters, 8.2 pH, 32-44 salinity, 23-29 C (optimal)

Question 6

zooxanthellae

Answer 6

algae using CO2 & H2O to produce O2 in order to clean corals

Question 7

tundra

Answer 7

treeless, permafrost, low nutrient soil

Question 8

taiga

Answer 8

coniferous trees, nutrient topsoil, long winters, short summer

Question 9

desert

Answer 9

low rain, low vegetation

Question 10

grassland

Answer 10

dry, unpredictable rain, fertile soil

Question 11

temperate deciduous forest

Answer 11

broadleaf trees that loses leaves seasonally

Question 12

fundamental niche

Answer 12

niche a population can theoretically occupy based on tolerance, adaptaions, and limits

Question 13

realized niche

Answer 13

area a population actually occupies when in competition with other species

Question 14

competitive exclusion principle

Answer 14

2 species cannot occupy the same niche ( can lead to elimination or resource partition)

Question 15

obligate anaerobes

Answer 15

microorganisms that can only survive in o2 free environments

Question 16

facultative anaerobes

Answer 16

organism that makes atp by aerobic respiration if 02 is present, but can ferment if no 02

Question 17

obligate aerobes

Answer 17

require 02 for growth and use o2 as final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration

Question 18

detritivores

Answer 18

eats non-living organic matter

Question 19

sapotroph

Answer 19

eats decomposers (bacteria, fungi) and digest externally

Question 19

holozoic

Answer 19

food is digested internally

Question 20

mixotrophic

Answer 20

uses 1+ method of nutrition (autotroph and heterotroph like euglena)

Question 21

exponential growth

Answer 21

j curve

Question 22

logistic growth

Answer 22

sigmoid (s shaped)
pop slows as carrying capacity is reached

Question 23

population density

Answer 23

total population/total land area

Question 24

percentage change formula

Answer 24

final value-initial value/initial value

Question 24

anthropogenic

Answer 24

caused by humans

Question 25

positive/ negative correlation

Answer 25

two variables that increase/decrease together

Question 26

afforestation

Answer 26

creation of new forests

Question 27

simpson’s index

Answer 27

N(N-1)/∑ n(n-1)

Question 28

in situ conservation

Answer 28

conservation in natural habitats (reserves)

Question 29

ex situ conservation

Answer 29

conservation off site (zoos)