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Bio 20 > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is population?

A

All the individuals of the same species living within a specific area at the same time

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2
Q

What is community?

A

Different species inhabiting a particular area and their interactions

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3
Q

What is a ecosystem?

A

All the living things in a particular area together with the ABIOTIC parts of the environment

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4
Q

What is a biosphere?

A

The collection of all ecosystems representing the zones of life on earth

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5
Q

What are the three biospheres?

A

Lithosphere (land), Hydrosphere (water), Atmosphere

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6
Q

What is ecology?

A

Interactions between organisms and the environment.

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7
Q

What is an open system?

A

Allows energy and matter to cross the systems boundary- to enter and leave it

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8
Q

What is a closed system?

A

Allows only energy (not matter) to cross the boundary.

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9
Q

What way does energy flow?

A

Energy only flows one direction (open system)

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10
Q

How does matter move?

A

Matter is a cycle (closed system)

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11
Q

How does photosynthesis work?

A

Captures sun’s energy and converts it to chemical energy

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12
Q

What does cellular energy create?

A

ATP

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13
Q

How does chemosynthesis work?

A

It captures the chemical energy stores in chemical bonds and converts it to chemical energy Ex. Glucose

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14
Q

What is the definition of chemosynthesis?

A

Biological conversion of carbon molecules and nutrients into organic matter

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15
Q

What do certain fungi and bacteria convert?

A

They chemically convert carbon into carbohydrates Ex. Sugars/ Starches

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16
Q

What is a producer (Autotrophs)?

A

Organism that synthesizes its own food from inorganic molecules by using light or chemical energy (PS, chemo)

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17
Q

What is a consumer (Hetrotrophs)?

A

Must eat organic molecules formed by producers in order to survive

18
Q

What do primary consumers eat?

A

Autotrophs

19
Q

What do secondary consumers eat?

A

Heterotrophs

20
Q

What do tertiary consumers eat?

A

Heterotrophs

21
Q

What are a decomposers roles?

A

-return matter into cycles
-to be food for producers

22
Q

The rate of decomposition is controlled by…..?

A

Temperature, moisture and nutrient availability

23
Q

What are phytoplankton?

A

They are producers

24
Q

What are zooplankton?

A

They are consumers

25
Q

What does the rule of 10 mean?

A

No energy transfer is 100% efficient, 90% is lost. (2nd law of thermodynamics)

26
Q

What is the pyramid of numbers?

A

It’s based on the number of organisms in each trophic level

27
Q

What is the pyramid of biomass?

A

It’s based on the biomass of organisms in each trophic level (matter per area)

28
Q

What is biomass?

A

Mass of living biological organisms or material in a given area or ecosystem (mass per area)

29
Q

What is a pyramid of energy?

A

It’s based on the total amount of energy in each trophic level (ALWAYS UPRIGHT)

30
Q

What is the biogeochemical cycle?

A

Matter that comprises living organisms is conserved and recycled through the cycle. Involves abiotic and biotic components

31
Q

What is the ONE cycle that does not occur in earth’s atmosphere?

A

Phosphorus

32
Q

What are unique water properties?

A

-Ability to dissolve/transport materials
-high surface tension
-cohesion and adhesion
-acts as a carbon sink
-high specific heat capacity (100 degrees)

33
Q

What is transperation?

A

Evaporation of H20 from plants

34
Q

What is Carbon sequestration?

A

Long term storage of carbon (removal from atmosphere)

35
Q

What is the nitrogen cycle?

A

a biogeochemical process through which nitrogen passes from the atmosphere to the soil to organism and back into the atmosphere

36
Q

What are the 3 processes for the nitrogen cycle?

A

Nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification

37
Q

What is productivity?

A

Rate at which an ecosystem primary producers capture and store energy over time

38
Q

I hat is eutrophication?

A

The process by which an entire body of water or parts of it, become enriched with materials and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus)

39
Q

What is an anoxic environment?

A

Has low oxygen and production of toxic and waste build up

40
Q

What do the properties of water make it excellent for?

A

For being a solvent

Bio 20 (2 decks)

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