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BIO225 > ECOLOGY > Flashcards

ECOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

IUCN category: Strict nature reserve: managed mainly for science (ecological reserve)

A

IUCN 1a

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2
Q

IUCN category: wilderness area: managed mainly for wilderness protection

A

IUCN 1b

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3
Q

IUCN category: National and Provincial parks: managed mainly for ecosystem protection and recreation

A

IUCN 2

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4
Q

IUCN category: National monument: managed mainly for conservation of specific natural features

A

IUCN 3

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5
Q

IUCN category: habitat/species management area: managed mainly for conservation through management intervention

A

IUCN 4

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6
Q

IUCN category: Removal of introduced/exotic species

A

IUCN 4

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7
Q

IUCN category: protected landscape/seascape: managed mainly for landscape/seascape conservation and recreation

A

IUCN 5

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8
Q

IUCN category: Orca pass international stewardship area

A

IUCN 5

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9
Q

IUCN category: Managed resource protected area: managed mainly for the sustainable use of natural ecosystems

A

IUCN 6

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10
Q

Possible fixes for global warming ( 8)

A
  • carbon tax
  • carbon credits
  • hydroelectric
  • nuclear power
  • photovoltaics
  • wind
  • geothermal
  • new technofixes
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11
Q

two possible fixes for global warming that are high potential, low risk

A
  • photovoltaics
  • wind
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12
Q

Projectes earths population in 2100 at the 2011 growth rate

A

18.5 billion

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13
Q

projected earths population in 2100 with two child families

A

8.7 billion

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14
Q

Projected earths population in 2100 with one-child families

A

1.4 billion

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15
Q

Primary cause of collapses of earths ecosystems is:

A

Human population growth

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16
Q

Species at risk of extinction (%) of amphibians

A

40%

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17
Q

Species at risk of extinction (%) of reef corals

A

33%

18
Q

Species at risk of extinction (%) of sharks and rays

A

31%

19
Q

Species at risk of extinction (%) of mammals

A

25%

20
Q

Species at risk of extinction (%) of birds

A

14%

21
Q

What proportion of slick area were anthropogenic (caused by humans)

A

94%

22
Q

Types/origins of oil slicks

A
  • land-based sources (river runoff)
  • ships
  • pipelines
  • platforms
  • natural seepages from seabed oil/gas reservoirs
23
Q

How does ocean acidification work?

A

As CO2 is absorbed by the atmosphere it bonds with sea water forming carbonic acid. This acid releases a bicarbonate ion and a hydrogen ion. The hydrogen ion binds with free carbonate ions in the water forming another bicarbonate ion. Free carbonate ion would otherwise be available to marine animals for making calcium carbonate shells and skeletons.

24
Q

Atmospheric factors that increase global warming

A
  • carbon dioxide
  • blakc carbon
  • methane
  • nitrogen trifluoride
  • chlorofluorocarbons
  • sulphur dioxide
  • radioactivity
25
Q

What percentage of the world’s temperate rainforests have been cut?

A

55%

26
Q

BC has about __% of the worlds remaining coastal temperate rainforest

A

25%

27
Q

3 main threats to integrity of earths ecosystems

A
  1. habitat modification
  2. overfishin/overhunting
  3. introduction of exotic species
28
Q

Using equilibrium theory you can predict number of species but not _______

A

species composition

29
Q

4 major explanations for differences in species richness

A
  1. primary productivity
  2. competition
  3. spatial heterogeneity
  4. environmental age
30
Q

What makes a community highly resilient?

A

High diversity

31
Q

Overall biomass of the kingdoms of life

A

550 gigatons of carbon

32
Q

plants biomass

A

450 Gt C

33
Q

Animals biomass

A

2 Gt C

34
Q

Humans biomass

A

0.06 Gt C

35
Q

Wild animals biomass

A

0.007 Gt C

36
Q

Livestock biomass

A

0.1 Gt C

37
Q

minimum viable population

A

90% of genetic variability after 200 years

38
Q

minimum viable area

A

to maintain genetic variability after 200 years

39
Q

biodiversity hotspots are

A
  • localized areas of high species diversity
  • localized areas of high density of individuals within a species
40
Q

Ascension island

A

biodiversity hotspot

41
Q
A

BIO225 (5 decks)

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