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Science-9th Grade > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biotic

A

Living organisms on an ecosystem

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2
Q

Abiotic factor

A

No living things in ecosystems

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3
Q

Ecology

A

Relationships between biotic and abiotic factors

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4
Q

Population

A

Number of a particular type of organism

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5
Q

Community

A

Interacting group of varying species

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6
Q

Niche
(Remember 3)

A

Sum of all activities and relationships
Habitat, relathionships, nutrition

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7
Q

Equilibrium

A

Describes state of ecosystems with relatively constant conditions

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8
Q

4 Necessary parts of equilibrium

A

Energy\nutrient cycles
Stable and healthy populations
Biodiversity
Sustainable

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9
Q

Atmosphere

A

Gasses around earth

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10
Q

Lithosphere

A

Solid outer layer of the earth

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11
Q

Hydrosphere

A

Earths water in any form

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12
Q

Biosphere

A

Zones of earth with life

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13
Q

Producer

A

Autotroph, 1st tropic level, plants

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14
Q

Primary consumers

A

Second tropic level, herbivore

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15
Q

Secondary consumer

A

3rd tropic level carnivore

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16
Q

Tertiary consumer

A

4th tropic level top carnivore

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17
Q

Arrows show

A

Energy transfer

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18
Q

%of energy moves up to the next trophic level

A

10

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19
Q

Photosynthesis is? Equation

A

Plants make their own food (some bacteria can top)

CO2+H2O+Sun=O2+C6H12O6 (glucose)

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20
Q

Cellular respiration is?
Word equations

A

Sugar being made energy

O2+C6H12+O6=H2O+CO2+ATP

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21
Q

Carbon cycle

A

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Atmosphere-Plant-(carbon fixation)-animal-(death and decomposition)-fossil fuel-burned-atmosphere

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22
Q

Nitrogen cycle, %of atmosphere, found in… done by, steps

A

78%of the atmosphere, proteins and DNA,
All done by prokaryotes/bacteria

Atmospheric nitrogen (N2) -(fixation)-Ammonia (NH3) -(Nitrification)-Nitrates (NO4) -(Denitrification)-N2

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23
Q

Phosphorus cycle, found in, not in… steps

A

DNA, cell membranes,
Not in atmosphere because it’s a solid

Rocks-(erosion)-soil (phosphate (PO4)) -(assimilation)-plants-animals-(feces)-soil

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24
Q

The higher you are on the food chain the more

A

The toxin you accumulate

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25
Q

% of toxin taken when eaten

A

100

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26
Q

Bioamplification

A

A toxin in a food chain

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27
Q

Bio accumulation

A

Amount in one organism

28
Q

Toxins must be

A

Fat soluble otherwise they’d be pooped out

29
Q

Extinction

A

Not on earth

30
Q

Extirpated

A

No longer in Canada

31
Q

Endangered

A

Close to extinction in part or all of Canada

32
Q

Threatened

A

May become endangered if nothing changes

33
Q

Vulnerable

A

Low or declining numbers

34
Q

Factors influencing risk status 6

A

Size
Diet
Biotic potential
Range of species
Range of individual
Human interaction

35
Q

Size

A

Larger animals need more food and space (smaller is better)

36
Q

Diet

A

Carnivores diet may die out, there will always be plants. Specific diet is also bad.
(Herbivore=good)

37
Q

Biotic potential

A

Birth rate (high is good)

38
Q

Range of species

A

How much land a species can live on (high is good)

39
Q

Individual range

A

How far an individual must go for food, mates etc

(Low is good)

40
Q

Human interaction

A

We’re dangerous

41
Q

Why is a more diverse community better

A

If there is only 1 kind and environmental change happens everything will die out

42
Q

Biodiversity index, range

A

Number of species/number of organisms
0-1
The closer to 1 the better

43
Q

Species richness

A

Count number of species
Not accurate

44
Q

Relative abundance

A

Number of individuals/number of organisms X 100 = %

45
Q

Competition

A

The interaction between two or more organisms for the same resource in a given habitat

46
Q

When can competition occur

A

Members in same species, different species, simillar species

47
Q

4 reason that organisms compete

A

food, light space, space/territory, mate

48
Q

Predation

A

when an organism eats another organism to obtain food

49
Q

Ways that prey animals have adapted to avoid being eaten

A

Physical attributes: speed mimicry camouflage
Physical defences: quills, bad taste
Chemical defences: odor ink spray

50
Q

examples of disease causing organisms

A

bacteria, fungi parasites

51
Q

Cooperation is..

A

Occurs between the same type of organisms or species, live together to help each other, shared food and childcare sesponisbilities, groom each other and take care of sick, hunt in packs and provide protection

52
Q

3 types of symbiotic relationships

A

Parasitism-benefits one species, harms other (+, -)
Commensalism-benefits one no effect on other (+,0)
Mutualism-both benefit (+,+)

53
Q

Carrying capacity

A

maximum number of individuals an organism can support without reducing its ability to support futre generations of the same species. The population overshoots the carrying capacity it has a negative effect on the environment

54
Q

Predator-prey relationship

A

As prey number increas the predator can capture prey more easily. Since the predators are well fed they can have more offspring, so their population increase. The increase in predators causes a decrease in prey. As more prey arer aten the predator food supply decrease and so does the predator population. With fewer predators the prey population recovers repeating the cycle.

55
Q

Sustainability

A

For an ecosystem to be sustainable no one population in the community can excedd its carry capacity for very long or by very much. The goal of sustainability is to meet the needs of the present without affecting the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

56
Q

Lake simcoe watershed

A

excuding great lakes = largest lake in ontario
More people in the area has increased phosphorus in the water this affected the water quality

57
Q

Watershed

A

Land area that channels rainfall and snowmelt to creeks streams and rivers and eventually to outflow points such as reservoirs bays and the ocean

58
Q

Three indicators of water quality

A

Bacteria levels: detiction of coliform bacteria a bacteria that come from human intestines indicating that there is human poop in the water

Dissolved Oxygen: The concentration of oxygen that is dissolved in water. These oxygen molecules are used in cellular resperiation. Health of fish shows amount of D.O. The type of fish and other organisms living in the water indicates the level of dissolved oxygen.

Healthy Trout = high oxygen levels
Carp and Catfish = low oxygen levels
No fish = very low oxygen levels

Biological Dissolved oxygen demand: how much oxygen consumers in a lake need

59
Q

Water pollutants

A

organic solid waste- (source? sewage, animal poop, decomposing plants): oxygen in water is consumed to break down matter

Organisms that cause disease-(source? sewage & animal waste) can trigger disease

Inorganic solids and dissolved minerals-(source?acids released by factories, road salt, fertilizers, soil erosion) kills bacteria harms trees, organisms die, algae blooms causes decomposers to take more of the oxygen, makes water cloudy

heat (source? electricity plant) takes fresh lake water and replaces with warm reduces solubility of oxygen
Organic chemical products (source? oil and fat, pesticides, phosphate) toxic, makes algae grow faster

Acid rain (source? chemicals) acidifies the lake

60
Q

Oakville climate change issue

A

Mosquitoes and an increase in west nile virus
More perciptation and higher temps increasing breeding for mosquitoes leading to more cases of WNV

Mitigation
Remove any areas around your house that could become breeding grounds. (filled with water)
Remove swampy bush areas around or on your property

Adaptation
Wear light coloured clothes
Cover up with long pants and shirts
Apply insect repellent before going out
Avoid going out when mosquitoes are most active

Resilience
Halton is tracking the West Nile Virus
Spraying mosquito larvicide around breeding areas

61
Q

Easter Island

A

The native people deforested the forest, killing the animals that they used to eat and they started starving which led them to all eat each other.

62
Q

Regenerative agriculture

A

Regenerative Agriculture’ describes farming and grazing practices that, among other benefits, reverse climate change by rebuilding soil organic matter and restoring degraded soil biodiversity – resulting in both carbon drawdown and improving the water cycle. Can use Hooved animals

63
Q

Nitrogen cycle

A

in the atmosphere, makes up human mass, get nirtogen from eating producers, producers get nitrogen from roots assimilation.
Nitrogen fixation: N2-NH3 (atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia)
Nitrification: NH3-NO3 (amonia to nitrate in the soil)
denitrification: NO3-N2 nitrate to atmospheric nitrogen

64
Q

phosphorus cycle

A

in all living things, found in rocks sediments, in things, they die and run off returns it to the soil

65
Q

carbon cycle

A

photosynthesis -> cellular respiration
whne dead bodies decompose and release CO2

66
Q

What is biological organization

A

Biome-ecosystem-community-population-organism

Science-9th Grade (4 decks)

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