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Science-9th Grade > Astronomy > Flashcards

Astronomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Galaxy

A

Is a collection, of stars gas, dust and planets

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2
Q

Our galaxy

A

Barred spiral, Milky Way centre is a black hole 100,000 light years, 46 billion stars,

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3
Q

Star clusters

A

Groups of stars, fairly close with gravitational pull between them, too small to be a galaxy

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4
Q

Constellations

A

Groups of stars that are related bc/ of the view from earth, can change over thousands of years

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5
Q

Scientific notation

A

Nx10^x, decimals move over the number

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6
Q

light

A

particle called a photon that travels as a wave, wavelegnth is the measurement from crest to crest

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7
Q

visible light spectrum

A

380nanometers to 750 nm

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8
Q

radiation

A

energy that spreads out as it moves

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9
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A

all types of em radiation

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10
Q

absorption spectrum

A

specturm em radiation through a substance, made when atoms absorb energy, dark lines or gaps

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11
Q

emission spectrum

A

spectrum of em radiation emitted, made when atoms emit energy, shows coloured lines on a black background

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12
Q

lightyear

A

how far light can travel in a year

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13
Q

birth of stars

A

nebula-cloud gas dust, mostly H & He when it reaches a certain density gravity pulls the gas to gether creating a lump in the nebula called a protostar. when gravity and temp create nuclear fusion gravity pushes in heat pushes out, stabilizing.

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14
Q

nuclear fusion

A

when two hydrogen hit eachother making helium, causing a release of energy

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15
Q

the mass of the star determines

A

the colour, the lifespan, the brightness, size

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16
Q

Hertzberg russel diagram shows..

A

evolution of stars. main sequence is 90% of stars diagonal, goes from the top right to bottom left, hot and bright cool and dim

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17
Q

medium sized star life cycle

A

stellar nursery, planetary nebula, red giant most of the H is He so core contracts pushes out and cools down , white dwarf outer layer cools, black dwarf (cooled down)

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18
Q

massive life cycle

A

burn faster, red supergiants, supernovas, neutron stars iron core spinning around radiwaves

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19
Q

supernova

A

converts hydrogen to helium, until it becomes iron then it stops, gravity pulls in tries to implode iron stops, creates big explosion

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20
Q

supermassive star life cycle

A

red supergiant, super nova, black hole

21
Q

black hole

A

what’s left behind after the supernova, so much gravity doesn’t let light escape surrounded by radiation emitting celestial objects

22
Q

what is spaghettification

A

after you pass the event horizon When falling towards a black hole, for example, an object is stretched in the direction of the black hole

23
Q

HR diagram

A

white dwarfs-cool dim
giants-cool mid luminosity
super giants-cool and bright

24
Q

big bang theory (doppler effect)

A

when something is moving away from us the wavelegnths legnthen making them shift to the red side of the spectrum. This shows that the planets and stars are moving away showing that the universe is still expanding

25
Q

what is the big bang

A

the whole universe was in a hot dense state, then nearly fourteen billion years ago expansion, after expansion known as time zero

26
Q

Big bang (cosmic background radiation)

A

the big bang released lots of energy and the universe is still glowing from this extra energy, radiotelescopes show us this

27
Q

Converting units to and from km

A

to unit (ly or AU) /
from unit (ly or AU) x

28
Q

Planets

A

Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

29
Q

Planet requirements

A

orbit a star, enough gravity to become a sphere, cleared objects from orbit

30
Q

Terrestrial planets

A

rocky surface, smaller, closely spaced, close to sun. Mercury, Venus earth and mars

31
Q

gas planets

A

gasses (H & He), larger, further apart, further from the sun, Jupiter saturn uranus and neptune

32
Q

why is pluto a dwarf planet

A

it does not have a clear neighbourhood around the orbit

33
Q

Sun age

A

5 billion, 5 billion years left

34
Q

sun distance from the earth

A

1 AU, 1.5*10^8

35
Q

Sun composition

A

73% hydrogen, 25% helium, 2% other

36
Q

sun gravity

A

huge mass creates gravity pull so strong keeps planets in orbit

37
Q

sun size

A

14,000,000 km diameter, 1 million earths can fit inside

38
Q

sun energy generation

A

gravity pulls mass together creates heat & termperature, hydrogen atoms move violently and fuse creating helium atoms create energy

39
Q

Solar flares

A

erupt sending streams of high energy subatomic particles into space

40
Q

prominences

A

streams fo glowing gas arch into space and return to the sun

41
Q

solar wind

A

stream of charged particles into space, northern lights

42
Q

magnetosphere

A

earths magnetic field protects us from the deadly particles of the solar winds,

43
Q

layers of the sun

A

core, radiation zone, convection zone,

Atmosphere: photosphere, cronosphere, corona

44
Q

core

A

center of the sun

45
Q

radiation zone

A

energy transferred by EM radiation

46
Q

convection zone

A

outermost area of the sun’s interior

47
Q

photosphere

A

gives off the most light

48
Q

cronosphere

A

reddish tint

49
Q

corona

A

halo around during solar eclipse

Science-9th Grade (4 decks)

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