Ecology Flashcards
Define the term “Adaption”.
Adaptation is a trait that helps an animal to survive in its environment.
Name a Structural trait of a koala and its purpose.
Examples:
Sharp claws - allows a koala to climb
backward pouch - young ones don’t fall out
opposable thumbs - grip branches better
Name the 3 types of Adaptions and give a definition for each.
Structural - an adaptation related to how the body is built, i.e. bigger eyes
Behavioural - an adaptation related to its behaviour, i.e. burrowing in the sand.
Physiological - an adaptation related to its internal functions, i.e. slower digestion
Name an adaptation of eucalyptus. Why/how does this benefit the plant?
Examples:
Hangs vertically - reduces exposure to the sun
wax-like layer layer - minimise evaporation
What does the term producer mean?
It is an organism that creates its own food i.e. plants using photosynthesis.
What is the difference between 1st and 2nd order consumer?
1st order consumer eats the producer and is always a herbivore, while 2nd order consumer and always eats the 1st consumer but can also eat other food. 1st order example bug. 2nd order example turkey.
Turkeys eat bugs and plants.
Name the difference between herbivore, omnivore and carnivore.
A herbivore only eats plants, a carnivore only eats meat while an omnivore eats both.
Define what the term “decomposer” means?
A decomposers break down dead animals and rotten plants, recycling nutrients.
What is the order within a food web? Do not include decomposers
Producer, 1st order consumer, 2nd order consumer.
Why are decomposers important?
They are crucial for the soil, making sure it is full of nutrients which is important for plants so they can grow.
Name the predator and prey within these animals: fox and rabbit
Rabbit is prey while fox is predator
How did the introduction of foxes affect Australian ecosystems?
They hunted down the native Australian species.
