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ecology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is ecology

A

the study of how living things relate to each other and to their environment

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2
Q

environment

A

all the conditions in which the organism lives which affects its growth and development

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3
Q

what is an ecosystem

A

a community of living organisms interacting with one another and their non living environment within particular area

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4
Q

what is the biosphere

A

the part of the earth inhabited by living organisms and the atmosphere in which life can exist

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5
Q

what is a habitat

A

the place within the ecosystem where an organism lives and to which it has adapted to

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6
Q

community

A

populations of different species of organisms

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7
Q

population

A

a species of organism living in a habitat

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8
Q

what are the environmental factors

A

abiotic- non living
biotic- living
climatic- weather conditions
edaphic- the soil

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9
Q

what are the abiotic factors

A

temperature
light intensity
air speed
water current
humidity
pH
dissolved oxygen
salinity
nitrate and phosphate etc

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10
Q

what are the biotic factors

A

plants for food and shelter
predators and prey
parasites and pathogens
decomposers
competitors
pollinators

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11
Q

what are the climatic factors

A

temperature
rainfall
humidity
wind
light intensity
day lenght

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12
Q

what are the edaphic factors

A

soil type
soil pH
available soil water
air and mineral content
humus
soil texture and structure

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13
Q

what is energy flow

A

the pathway of energy transfer from one organism to the next in an ecosystem due to feeding

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14
Q

what is a food chain

A

a feeding relationship between organisms in a habitat

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15
Q

what is a grazing food chain

A

a food chain where the initial plant is living
grass-grasshopper-frogs-hawks

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16
Q

what is a detritus food chain

A

a food chain which begins with dead organic matter and animal waste
dead leaves-earthworms-blackbirds-hawks

17
Q

what is a food web

A

a chart showing all the feeding connections in the habitat

18
Q

trophic level

A

the position of an organism in a food chain

19
Q

why is so much energy lost at each trophic level

A
  1. heat being given off from animals
  2. waste material ie faeces
  3. not all organisms in a feeding level will get eaten by the organisms in the next level
20
Q

limitations of use of the pyramid of numbers

A

the size of the organisms is not considered

21
Q

how is carbon dioxide is returned to the environment

A
  1. respiration- in plants, animals and microorganisms
  2. decay- caused by microorganisms
  3. combustion- ie burning fossil fuels

biology (9 decks)

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