Ecological Succession

Question 1

Ecological succession

Answer 1

The gradual process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. Succession takes place as a result of the complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors.

Question 2

Ecological succession 2.

Answer 2

Early communities modify the physical environment causing it to change. This in turn alters the biotic community, which further alters the physical environment. Each successive community makes the environment more favourable for the establishment of a new species.

Question 3

Primary succession

Answer 3

Primary succession is the series of community changes which occur on an entirely new habitat which has never been colonised before.

Question 4

Succession stages - Primary colonisers

Answer 4

Primary colonisers - pioneer species which can adapt to the lack of soil e.g. lichen.

Question 5

Succession stages - Intermediate communities

Answer 5

Taller plants, such as small flowering plants and shrubs, which take hold as pioneer plants die off. Usually increase soil depth and fertility.

Question 6

Succession stages - Climax community

Answer 6

The end point of succession, usually woodland or forest.

Question 7

Secondary succession

Answer 7

Takes place in an environment that was once inhabited and has become barran, but still contains soil nutrients.

Question 8

Deflected Succession

Answer 8

Humans, and nature, deflect the natural course of succession. Examples of this may include for agriculture and grazing, or for leisure activities such as tourism and recreation.

Question 9

Plagioclimax

Answer 9

A climax community arising from deflected succession.