Ecological Impacts of Climate Change

Question 1

Shifting flowering times in >550 species of Oxford Plants

- FITTER AND FITTER, 02

Answer 1

Phenology of flowering time has shifted an average of ~4.5 days in 50 years

Question 2

Mean migration timing shift per decade

- USUI, 16

Answer 2

2.1 days/decade

Question 3

First flowering date across the UK, >400 plant species

- ARMANO ET AL, 10

Answer 3

Date index earlier in the last 25 years than any other period and strongly associated with spring temperature

Question 4

European Butterfly studies (Parmesan et al, 99)

Answer 4

At N boundary, 65% extended range N at N boundary
At S boundary, 22% extended range N at S boundary

of 35 non-migratory species, 63% show some sort of Northward shift

Question 5

Yosemite small mammal case studies (28 species)

- Moritz et al, 08

Answer 5

50% high elevation species contract range
50% low elevation species expand range up

• no land use change so pretty useful

Question 6

European Birds and Butterflies in DEVICTOR, 12, the northward shift in temperature in Europe is 249km - how are they faring?

Answer 6

Birds = 37km (lagging tremendously)

Butterflies = 114km (lagging but not as much)

Question 7

Describe the case study for the ‘escalator to extinction’ for Panticolla transect (Duncombe, 2018)

Answer 7

The predicted temperature change is 0.4 degrees C, calculated uphill movement should have been ~75km

Question 8

Buttenwerf et al, 2015 satellite study into Global vegetation findings

Answer 8

1. extended growing season
2. changes to growing season start and end
3. changes in productivity