LA in Marine Environments

Question 1

UK water temperatures

Answer 1

pre 1981 - Sub 10 degrees

1988-2005 - many cases well above 10 degrees

Question 2

In 2400, future aragonite saturation levels will become extremely low, what does this mean?

Answer 2

Aragonite polymorphs are 1.5 more soluble in seawater (including corals), and therefore low saturation levels mean that they have to lay down CaCO3 faster than it is dissolving

Question 3

Boyd et al, 2013 study into marine local adaptation

Answer 3

revealed lots of evidence on the scale of v cold (P. inermius = 5 degrees) and v warm synechoccus = 22 degrees

but findings of some maximum growth studies in the literature differed greatly, perhaps due to methodological issues opening door for further use of community wide studies

Question 4

Lohbeck et al, 2012 study into Coccolithophore local adaptation

COMMON GARDEN

Answer 4

Experiment was to prove that that species’ capacity to calcify less (have a lower PIC/POC ratio at higher CO2) is local adaptation and not simply chemistry

2200, 1100 and 400 microatm

Local always better than foreign

export of carbon importance

Question 5

Hutchins et al, 2015 = Trichodesmium study

Answer 5

After evolution in high CO2 - nitrogen fixation rates remained high , even after exposure to pre evoluion low CO2 conditions. Fixation rate had beenn irreversible changed - PLASTICITY CAN EVOLVE

Question 6

Local adaptation to ocean acidification - Kelly et al, 2013

Answer 6

“Spatially varying selection may maintain necessary genetic variation for adaptation under changing pCO2 conditions

IMPORTANT: under adaptation scenario, the OA driven decrease in population is 50% smaller