Ecological Applications

Question 1

Ecosystem Services (4)

Answer 1

Supporting Services
Provisioning Services
Regulating Services
Cultural Services

Question 2

Supporting Services (4)

Answer 2

Habitat Provision
Soil Formation
Nutrient Cycling

Question 3

Provisioning Services (4)

Answer 3

Food
Fuel
Timber
Fiber

Question 4

Regulating Services (3)

Answer 4

Climate Regulation
Flood Regulation
Water Purification

Question 5

Cultural Services (3)

Answer 5

Educational
Recreational
Aesthetic

Question 6

Resource Management and Conservation Schemes (7)

Answer 6

Debt for Nature Swap
Good Agricultural Practices
Public-Private Partnerships
Economic Valuation
Payment for Ecosystem Services
Environment Impact Assessment
Protected Area System

Question 7

an agreement that reduces a developing country’s debt stock or service in exchange for a commitment to protect nature from the debtor-government

Answer 7

Debt for Nature Swaps

Question 8

Debt for Nature Swaps Projects in the Philippines (2)

Answer 8

on June 6, 1988, the World Wide Fund (WWF) signed a $900K debt-for-nature swap through the HARIBON Foundation to protect and manage protected areas.
on July 26, 2013, the US signed a $32M debt-for-nature swap to protect rainforests in the Philippines.

Question 9

on ____, the World Wide Fund (WWF) signed a $900K debt-for-nature swap through the HARIBON Foundation to protect and manage protected areas.

Answer 9

June 6, 1988

Question 10

on ___, the US signed a $32M debt-for-nature swap to protect rainforests in the Philippines.

Answer 10

July 26, 2013

Question 11

a certifying division that ensures food safety and assures the quality of agricultural products while keeping high regard for environmental protection and that of workers’ health, safety, and welfare.

Answer 11

Good Agricultural Practices

Question 12

GAP regulates the following: (7)

Answer 12

Site History and Management
Planting Material (Propagation Material)
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)
Fertilizers and Soil Additives
Water (Irrigation/Fertigation)
Chemicals (Insecticide, Pesticide, Herbicide)
Harvesting and Handling Produce

Question 13

partnerships between private business stakeholders and government agencies for environmental protection.

Answer 13

Private-Public Partnership

Question 14

ecological services are monetized to show the economic value of the resource. This will highlight the importance of the resource and may lead to its protection.

Answer 14

Economic Valuation

Question 15

Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES)

Answer 15

occurs when a beneficiary of an ecosystem service makes a direct or indirect payment to the payment for services received.

Question 16

Mangroves provide, ___, ___, ___, ___, and ___ from strong waves. (5)

Answer 16

food, livelihood, shelter, medicine, protection

Question 17

Environmental Impact Assessment

Answer 17

a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural, and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.

Question 18

recognizes the critical importance of protecting and maintaining the natural, biological, and physical diversities of the environment notably in areas with biologically unique features to sustain human life and development.

Answer 18

RA 7586 National Integrated Protected Areas
System (NIPAS)

Question 19

Under RA 7586 National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) (8)

Answer 19

Strict Nature Reserve
Natural Park
Natural Monument
Wildlife Sanctuary
Protected Landscapes and Seascapes
Resource Reserve
Natural Biotic Areas
Areas Established by Law

Question 20

241,495.92 hectares of marine and terrestrial areas
only nesting site of green sea turtles in the Philippines
only major nesting ground in the ASEAN region
11th major nesting site in the world

Answer 20

Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary (Sulu, Tawi-Tawi)

Question 21

refers to any substance that negatively impacts the environment or organisms that live within the affected environment.

Answer 21

Pollution

Question 22

Types of Pollution (3)

Answer 22

Water Pollution
Air Pollution
Soil Pollution

Question 23

Impacts of Pollution (2)

Answer 23

Health Effects
Environmental Effects

Question 24

Health Effects (4)

Answer 24

Reproductive Problems
Respiratory Problems
Neurological Problems
Immune Problems

Question 25

Environmental Effects (5)

Answer 25

Acid Rain
Eutrophication
Haze
Crop and Forest Damage
Global Climate Change

Question 26

Mechanisms to Reduce Pollutants (2)

Answer 26

International Mechanisms
Local Mechanisms

Question 27

International Mechanisms (5)

Answer 27

Binding and Unbinding Legal Instruments
Conventions
Clean Development
Conference of Parties
Reduction of Emission Due to Deforestation and Degradation (RED+)

Question 28

Local Mechanisms (1)

Answer 28

Legislation

Question 29

International Mechanisms: Conventions (5)

Answer 29

Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Vienna, 1985
London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, London, 1972
Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially, as Waterfowl Habitat, Ramsar, 1971
World Heritage Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, Paris, 1972
The Kyoto Protocol, Kyoto, Japan, 1997

Question 30

Local Mechanisms: Legislation

Answer 30

Republic Act 9003 Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
Republic Act 9275 Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
Republic Act 8749 Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
Republic Act 6969 Toxic Substances, Hazardous, and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990
Presidential Decree 1586 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) of 1978

Question 30

Local Mechanisms: Legislation

Answer 30

Republic Act 9003 Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
Republic Act 9275 Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
Republic Act 8749 Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
Republic Act 6969 Toxic Substances, Hazardous, and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990
Presidential Decree 1586 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) of 1978

Question 31

to return the environmental conditions to its original state.

Answer 31

Restoration

Question 32

acknowledges that vegetation was permanently altered but attempts to return a self-sustaining community as close as possible to the original.

Answer 32

Rehabilitation

Question 33

Restoration

Answer 33

National Greening Program
- Plant 1.5B Trees
Filipinovation on Coral Reef Restoration

Question 34

Rehabilitation (4)

Answer 34

Rehabilitation of the Pasig River
Rehabilitation of Manila Bay
Rehabilitation of Laguna Lake
Rehabilitation of Mining Sites

Question 35

Considerations of Restoring and Rehabilitating the Environment (3)

Answer 35

Biophysical Aspects
Socio-Economic Aspects
Ecological Aspects

Question 35

Considerations of Restoring and Rehabilitating the Environment (3)

Answer 35

Biophysical Aspects
Socio-Economic Aspects
Ecological Aspects

Question 36

Biophysical Aspects (4)

Answer 36

Soil Quality
Water Quality
Air Quality
Extent of Degradation

Question 37

Socio-Economic Aspects (4)

Answer 37

Livelihood Change
Likelihood of Change
Equity Considerations
Alternative Livelihood

Question 38

Ecological Aspects (4)

Answer 38

Native Species/Seedlings
Landscape Consideration
Habitat for Wildlife
Introduction of Lost Species

Question 39

Successful Restoration and Rehabilitation Sites (2)

Answer 39

Rio Tuba, Bataraza, Palawan; Palawan Mining Rehabilitation; 2010-Present
Apo Island, Mindoro; Apo Island Marine Reserve; 1986-Present