Ecological and Social Disorganization Theory

Question 1

Robert Park

Answer 1

Organic approach of study where he sent his students to examine the various organs, or “social worlds” of the metropolis
NOTE: Development of the city as concentric circles radiating form the CBD

Question 2

Ernest Burgess

Answer 2

Worked with Park to develop this theory using concepts of dominance and invasion to explain how zones absorb each other over time

Question 3

Different Zones

Answer 3

• CBD (central business district)
• Zone of Transition (businesses and factories encroaching)
• Zone of working men’s homes (immigrants etc.)
• More expensive areas like suburbs

Question 4

Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay

Answer 4

Noted that rates of delinquency became lower as we departed from the first circle, highlighting issues of social disorganization

Question 5

Cultural Transmission Theory

Answer 5

Juveniles who live in socially disorganized areas have greater opportunities for exposure to those who espouse delinquent and criminal values

Question 6

Monroe Work

Answer 6

One of the first African American sociologists, he explained that during the period following slavery, African Americans experienced disorientation with societal norms, which led to higher rates of crime

Question 7

E. Franklin Frazier

Answer 7

Suggested that Black adolescent boys learn criminality from older peers or family members and thus develop criminal patterns younger

Question 8

Earl R. Moses

Answer 8

Coined “transplanted” criminal behaviours, where he explained that delinquency appeared to be related not to race but to mobility