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Microbiology diagnosis + examination > E.coli, Klebsiella, Proteus > Flashcards

E.coli, Klebsiella, Proteus Flashcards

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1
Q

What kind of bacteria re E.coli, Klebsiella and Proteus?

A

Facultative pathogenic enteric bacteria

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2
Q

What does facultative bacteria mean?

A

Aerobes or anaerobes that can respire using oxygen or ferment when oxygen is absent

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3
Q

To what family does E.coli, Klebsiella and Proteus belong to?

A

Enterobactericae

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4
Q

Outline the species of enterobactericae

A

E.Coli (escherichia coli)
Klebsiella
Proteus

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5
Q

To what groups are the family of enterobactericae split into? Explain what they are.

A

1) Primary Pathogens:
> organisms that can cause disease in anyone

2) Opertunistic Pathogens
> organism that can only cause disease under certain conditions or certain hosts

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6
Q

Give examples of primary pathogens of enterobactericae

A

> salmonella
shigella
Yersimia

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7
Q

Give examples of opportunistic pathogens of enterobactericae

A

> proteus

> enterobacter

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8
Q

Which species share primary pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic characteristic

A

> escherichia coli

> klebsiella pneumonia

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9
Q

Outline features of all enterbactericae

A

> facultative anaerobes
oxidase negative - no cytochrome oxidase
reduce nitrates > nitrites
all ferment glucose

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10
Q

Is enterbactericae gram negative or gram positive?

A

Gram negative
> thin peptidoglycan
> NO purple stain
> stain pink - safari/ fuchsin

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11
Q

What shape are enterobactericae?

A

rod shape

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12
Q

Do all or some enterobactericae have flagella? what type of flagella and what does it mean?

A

> some have petrichious flagella&raquo_space; means all around surface
motile function

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13
Q

Do all or some enterobactericae have a capsule, outline function if they do?

A

> some have capsule

> protective function

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14
Q

Do all or some enterobactericae have endotoxins? Outline function of endotoxin

A

> ALL have endotoxins
lipopolysaccharide in gram negative bacteria
molecule initiates inflammatory response in host

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15
Q

Do all or some enterbactericae have enterotoxins? Outline function of enterotoxins and give examples

A

> some have enterotoxins

> protein exotoxin mainly targeting intestines

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16
Q

How often does plasmid and DNA exchange take place in enterbactericae and why?

A

> frequent exchange

> can develop antibiotic resistance

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17
Q

Which species of enterobactericae causes urinary tract infection (UTI), travellers diarrhoea and neonatal meningitis ?

A

Escherchiae Coli enterobactericae

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18
Q

What diseases does escherchia coli enterobactericae cause?

A

> urinary tract infection (UTI)
neonatal meningitis
travellers diarrhoea

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19
Q

What is travellers diarrhoea? Which species causes it?

A

> digestive disorder
due to contaminated food/ drinks
not very serious
caused by escherichia coli (E.coli)

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20
Q

What is neonatal meningitis? Which species causes it? How is it treated?

A

> inflammation of meninges during first 28 days of life
bacteria enter bloodstream and reach brain
treated with antibiotics, given through IV

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21
Q

What diseases does shigella cause?

A

Dysentery: infection of intestines&raquo_space; causing diarrhoea with blood/ mucus

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22
Q

Which enterobactericae causes dysentery?

A

> shigella

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23
Q

Which diseases does Salmonella cause?

A

> typhoid fever

> enterocolitis

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24
Q

Which species causes typhoid fever and enterocolitis?

A

> salmonella

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25
Q

What is typhoid fever? Which species causes it? How is it treated?

A

> bacterial infection caused by salmonella
spread through body + affect many organs
caused by drinking contaminated water or food washes in contaminated water
treated with antibiotics

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26
Q

What is enterocolitis and which species causes it?

A

> inflammation of digestive tract
bacteria: salmonella
enteritis of intestines
colitis of colon (inflammation of inner lining of colon)

27
Q

What diseases are caused by klebsiella?

A

> pneumonia

> UTI

28
Q

Which species causes UTI and pneumonia?

A

klebsiella

29
Q

What disease is caused by proteus?

A

UTI

30
Q

Outline the species which can cause UTI

A

klebsiella
proteus
enterobacter
escherechia coli

31
Q

Describe the typical colonies of enterobactericae?

A

> circular
convex
glistering (S) or mucoid (M)

32
Q

Describe colonies of enterbactericae with the loss of capsule?

A

> rough (R) colonies
flat irregular
granular in appearance

33
Q

Describe colonies of highly motile species: proteus

A

> unique swarming pattern

34
Q

Which species forms inquire swarming pattern on agars?

A

> highly motile: proteus

35
Q

What colour pigment of colonies do some strains of enterobactericae produce?

A

> red
yellow
blue

36
Q

What determines pathogenicity of enterobactericae species?

A

> Major antigens

> Virulent factors

37
Q

Outline all different major antigens

A

O-somatic Ag = all
K-capsule Ag = some
H-flagellar Ag = most
F-fimbriae Ag = some

38
Q

For each Ag, outline its type:

O, K, H, F antigens

A

> O = somatic
K = capsule
H = flagella
F = fimbriae

39
Q

Which species has more than 160 O Antigens?

A

Escherichia coli

40
Q

What happens when O Ag are lost?

A

transform colonies from S to R

41
Q

R colonies are known as what bacteria?

A

Avirulent

  • not virulent or pathogenic
  • doesn’t cause infection
42
Q

What do K-Ag consist of and what do they cover?

A

> consists of polysaccharide

> cover O-Ag

43
Q

How are K-Ag destroyed?

A

> with boiling water

44
Q

How do K-Ag block agglutination?

A

> they cover O-Ag

> block agglutination of O-specific antiserum

45
Q

What are H-Ag known as and what is it useful for?

A

flagellar protein antigens

46
Q

Which species is non motile and therefore what does it mean about their Ag?

A

Klebsiella

> NO H-Ag

47
Q

How many phases of H-Ag does Salmonella species have? Which are they and what do they depend on?

A

> 2 phases of H-Ag

  • H1 phase
  • H2 phase

> depends on gene expression of bacteria

48
Q

Which species has 2 phases of H-Ag?

A

Salmonella species

> H1 + H2 phase

49
Q

What kind of test can be used for identification for the three Ag (O,K,H)?

A

> serological strain identification made with specific antisera for the 3 Ag&raquo_space; O,K,H antigens

50
Q

Outline the virulent factors which determine the pathogenicity of enterbactericae?

A

> endotoxins (LPS)
exotoxins (enterotoxins)
fimbriae (adhesion)
capsule + other protective surface Ag)

51
Q

What happens when enterobacteria LPS are released in host body?

A

endotoxin shock in humans

52
Q

Outline the effects of LPS?

A

> small dose: toxic effect
large dose: lethal effect
fever within 30min of exposure
hypotension within 30min
intravascular coagulation (localised + generalised)&raquo_space; clotting factor&raquo_space; bleeding
neutropenia = low levels of neutrophils&raquo_space; monoblasts appear in circulation

53
Q

What are monoblasts?

A

> bone marrow origin

> mature into monocytes which develop into macrophages

54
Q

Is LPS endotoxin or exotoxin?

A

endotoxin

55
Q

To which cell does LPS cause stimulation and proliferation?

A

> B-lymphocytes

56
Q

LPS cause macrophages to release what?

A

> interleukin 1 (IL1)

> lysosomal enzymes

57
Q

Which pathways are activated and what is stimulated?

A

> complement and alternative pathways activated

> stimulate interferon activity

58
Q

How does LPS affect metabolism? What does it cause?

A

causes:
> hypoglycemia
> hypoferremia (low iron blood)

59
Q

Describe LPS effect in pregnancy?

A

> placental haemorrhage because it stimulates release of serotonin

60
Q

What are the 5 genre of tribe escherichia?

A

facultative pathogenic flora:
> escherichia
> edwardsiella
> citrobacter

enteric pathogens:
> salmonella
> shigella

61
Q

Where is E.coli found in humans?

A

large bowel

62
Q

What type of contamination is it when E.coli is found in drinking water?

A

fecal contamination

63
Q

Is E.coli hemolytic or non haemolytic?

A

> haemolytic = specifically in urine isolates

> cause gastroenteritis

Microbiology diagnosis + examination (2 decks)

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