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Microbiology diagnosis + examination > Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Rickettsia, Erlichia, Bartonella > Flashcards

Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Rickettsia, Erlichia, Bartonella Flashcards

1
Q

What do mycoplasma lack?

A

> lack cell wall - resistance to antibiotic (beta lactams = targeting cell wall synthesis)

> NO gram stain reaction - no cell wall

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2
Q

Why are mycoplasma resistant to antibiotics like beta lactams?

A

> beta lactams antibiotics affect cell wall synthesis
doesn’t work for mycoplasma
no cell wall

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3
Q

Why is there no gram stain reaction for mycoplasma?

A

no cell wall - no peptidoglycan

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4
Q

Outline species of mycoplasma?

A

> mycoplasma pneumoniae
mycoplasma hominis
mycoplasma genitalium

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5
Q

Outline species of ureaplasma?

A

> ureaplasma urealyticum

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6
Q

Area mycoplasma eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

prokaryotes

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7
Q

What is special about mycoplasma?

A

> smallest free living self-replicating microorganism

> no cell wall

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8
Q

What do mycoplasma have in their cell membrane?

A

> sterols

> helps with membrane fluidity

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9
Q

How many layers in cell membranes of mycoplasma?

A

3 layers

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10
Q

What organelle do mycoplasma have at the tip?

A

attachment organelle

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11
Q

What do these attachment organelles have?

A

adhesion protein

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12
Q

What is a growth requirement for mycoplasma? what does this mean?

A

fastidious - specific requirements needed for growth

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13
Q

Is mycoplasma fast growing or slow growing?

A

slow growing

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14
Q

What type of anaerobes are mycoplasma? What does this mean?

A

factulatitve anaerobes

> survive in oxygen present and no oxygen conditions

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15
Q

Mycoplasma are saprophytic, what does this mean?

A

> present mainly in skin + mouth

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16
Q

What growth medium is used for mycoplasma?

A

> enriched media

> PPLO (pleuropneumonia like organisms) agar + broth

17
Q

What does PPLO broth contain?

A

> beef heart infusion
peptone
yeast extract
20% horse/ heart serum

18
Q

What is a special requirement for ureaplasma for their growth?

A

> urea

19
Q

What unique colonies doe mycoplasma form in agar?

A

> fried eggs colonies

20
Q

Outline how mycoplasma are different to normal bacterium?

A

> no genetic inheritance from parent bacteria (each bacteria is different)
require cholesterol for growth (cell membrane)
grow slowly + v.small size
low turbidity in liquid medium

21
Q

What shape do mycoplasma have?

A

> polymorphic

22
Q

Is mycoplasma a virus?

A

> no - similar but not virus

> living organism

23
Q

Pathogenic factors of mycoplasma?

A

> ATTACHMENT organelle (no cell wall)

> ADHERENCE = adhesion P1 (protein) > adhere to cilia

> H2O2 > destroy cilia

> endotoxins

> COLD AGGLUTININS produced by immune system in response to infection > these agglutinins Ab react + attach own body RBC

24
Q

Where are mycoplasma most commonly found on? What type of disease does this cause?

A

surface of mucous membranes
> respiratory tract
> urogenital tract
> joints

25
Q

Outline common disease of mycoplasma?

A

> chronic inflammation of respiratory tract
chronic inflammation of urogenital tract
chronic inflammation of joints

26
Q

Most common disease is due to which mycoplasma species?

A

mycoplasma pneumonia

27
Q

What is incubation period of mycoplasma pneumonia?

A

1-3 weeks

28
Q

How is m.pneumonia transmitted?

A

> airbrone dropplets
nasopharyngeal secretions
close contact

29
Q

Onset symptoms of m.pneumonia?

A 
> fever 
> malaise 
> headache 
> otitis media (ear inflammation)
> blood sputum 
> pleural effusion (fluid in pleural space)
> long covalences (recovery period)
30
Q

What specimens are taken for diagnosis of mycoplasma?

A

> throat swabs
respirsotyr secretions
sputum

31
Q

Why is mycoplasma diagnosis difficult to establish?

A

> cannot be stained in sputum
require specific mediums PPLO agar or broth
clinical symptoms not specific

32
Q

What are the complications with mycoplasma?

A 
> arthritis > due to deposition of complexes 
> encephalitis > common infants 
> aseptic meningitis 
> CNS > Guillain-Barre syndrom
> pericarditis 
> pancreatitis
> haemolytic anaemia (cold agglutinins)
33
Q

Which type of immunity if involved in mycoplasma ?

A

> humoral immunity

34
Q

Outline specific response of the humeral immunity for mycoplasma?

A

> secretory IgA
complement fixing IgG
cold agglutinins

35
Q

How can mycoplasma be identified in agar?

A

> form fried eggs like colonies

36
Q

What stain is used to identify colonies of mycoplasma?

A

Diene’s stain

37
Q

What tests can be used for mycoplasma?

A

> growth inhibition test (adding antisera)
immunofluorescence on colonies
DNA test

38
Q

Outline species of ureaplasma?

A

> Ureaplasma urealyticum

> Ureaplasma paramu

39
Q

How do ureaplasma differ from mycoplasma?

A

> DO NOT FERMENT
don’t ferment carbs + amino acids (mycoplasma do ferment)
depends on hydrolysis of urea

Microbiology diagnosis + examination (2 decks)

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