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Ecology+Conservation > Eco+Cons definitions > Flashcards

Eco+Cons definitions Flashcards

Term 1 2023

1
Q

ecology

A

interactions between organisms and their environments

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2
Q

organismal ecology

A

physiological, evolutionary + behavioural ecology based on an organism’s structure, morphology and behaviour (survival and reproduction)

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3
Q

Population ecology

A

Species population dynamics eg. climatic variations, resources (bottom-up(, predation (top-down)

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4
Q

community ecology

A

interactions between populations eg. predation, competition, parasitic relationships, symbiosis

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5
Q

ecosystem ecology

A

Ecological community and physical factors eg. energy fluxes/flows and nutrient+chemical recycling

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6
Q

Landscape ecology

A

mosaic of connected ecosystems, focused on factors that control exchanges of energy, materials + organism across ecosystems

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7
Q

Global ecology

A

The biosphere, regional changes + global processes eg. gas exchange

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8
Q

biome

A

major life zone characterised by vegetation type

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9
Q

ecotones

A

transition zones between biomes

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10
Q

climograph

A

shows the distribution of biomes

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11
Q

disturbance

A

event (storm, fire or human activity) that changes a community (removes organisms/ changes resource availability)

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12
Q

chaparral

A

Mediterranean biome

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13
Q

seasonal turnover in lakes

A

oxygenated water from the surface is send to the bottom and the nutrient-rich water from the bottom is brought up in spring and autumn, recycling

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14
Q

demography

A

study of birth, death + migration rates that causes pops to vary

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15
Q

life tables

A

show survivorship curves relating to reproductive strategy and typical cause of death

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16
Q

carrying capacity

A

the limit on the number of organisms that an ecosystem can sustain

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17
Q

logistic population growth

A

dN/dt = rN((k-N)/k)

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18
Q

life history

A

an organism’s scheduled reproduction and survival

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19
Q

semelparity

A

only reproduce once in life history

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20
Q

iteroparity

A

reproduce multiple times in life history

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21
Q

ecological footprint

A

land + water area needed to produce all resources that a person consumes and to absorb all their waste

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22
Q

biogeography

A

aims to understand processes that shape spatial patterns in biodiversity

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23
Q

resource partitioning

A

differentiation of ecological niches that allow species to live together (rely on different resources)

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24
Q

inference

A

one species has a competitive edge in food obtaining

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25
Q

fundamental niche

A

total area/niche a species can occupy

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26
Q

actual niche

A

actual area/niche a species can occupuy (due to competition)

27
Q

abscission

A

leaves dropping as a defense response

28
Q

endoparatism

A

live in hosts body eg. tapeworm

29
Q

ectoparatism

A

live on external surface of host eg. fleas+lice

30
Q

holohparasites

A

obligate parasites that can’t complete a life cycle without a host

31
Q

schistosoiasis

A

disease caused by flukes in humans

32
Q

trophic structure

A

structure and dynamics of a community shaped by feeding relations between organisms

33
Q

stability

A

tendance of a community to maintain relativly constant composition in the face of disturbance

34
Q

climax community

A

final stage of succession, remain stable despite disturbances

35
Q

ecological succession

A

disturbed areas colonised by lots of species that are replaced

36
Q

primary succesion

A

new, lifeless areas are colonised eg.volcanic island

37
Q

secondary succession

A

species that colonise areas with disturbances that have destroyed most but maintained its soils eg. wildfire

38
Q

dominant species

A

the most abundant + have the largest biomass in the community

39
Q

keystone species

A

not the most abundant but play a disproportionatly large role in the food web

40
Q

ecosystem engineers/foundation species

A

physically alter environmnet facilitating other species to cohabitat

41
Q

bottom-up control

A

organsism’s abundance limited by nutrient supply (producers)

42
Q

top-down control

A

organism’s abundance limited by predators

43
Q

intermediate distrubane hypothesis

A

medium levels of dsturbance alter biodiversity more than extremes (open up habitats for occupation)

44
Q

entropy

A

measure of disorder within a system

45
Q

Gross PP (GPP)

A

rate of conversion of light into chemical energy by photosysnthesis

46
Q

net PP (NPP)

A

the rate of chemical energy production after respiration is considered

47
Q

Primary Productivity

A

the amount of energy that autotrophs convert into usable chemical energy (used by detrivore, herbivores + carnivores)

48
Q

NEP

A

Net ecosystem production - GPP of all roganisms (community respiration)

49
Q

standing stock

A

organisms currently present

50
Q

GSP

A

gross secondary production - total energy of consumers AFTER defecation(=eaten-fecal loss)

51
Q

NSP

A

net secondary production - total ernegy of consumers (=food eaten)

52
Q

detrivores

A

ogranisms that breakdown matter via ingestion eg. bacteria., fungi, protoctists

53
Q

coprovores

A

organsisms that break down matter by consuming and redigesting watse eg. dung beetle

54
Q

fossilisation

A

formation of peat (oil+coal)

55
Q

bioremediation

A

taking organsims (usually prokaryotes, fungi + plants) to detoxify polluted ecosystems

56
Q

biological augmentation

A

uses organisms to add essential nutrients to degraded ecosystems

57
Q

species level conservation

A

conservation focused on specic crises and endangered species eg. ICUN red list

58
Q

population level conservation

A

conservation focused on genetic diversity of populations (extinction vortex)

59
Q

extinction vortex

A

where small populations evolve genetic problems in breeding> lower genetic variability> lower individual fitness + population adaptibility> lower reproduction rates + higher mortality> smaller popuation> extinction

60
Q

Habitat and landscape level conservation

A

conservation that focuses on core general threats to biodiversity (gamma diversity) and its habitats

61
Q

Global level conservation

A

conservation focused on protecting biodiversity hotspots

62
Q

Effective population

A

How much of genetic variation in populations is carried over

63
Q
A

Ecology+Conservation (2 decks)

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