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Cell > ECM and Cell Communication > Flashcards

ECM and Cell Communication Flashcards

1
Q

what is multicellularity and why do we have it

A
  • different cells preform different functions to contribute to the homeostasis and total function of the organismq
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2
Q

where is the ECM

A

usually on the outside of cells

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3
Q

what are the 3 structural components of the ECM

A

interstitial fluid, proteins, polysaccharides

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4
Q

what is interstitial fluid

A

solution that bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals

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5
Q

how do proteins contribute to ECM structure

A

adhesive and structural components

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6
Q

how do polysaccharides contribute to the ECM

A

gel-like matrix

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7
Q

what are GAGS (glucosamino-glycans) and what do they do

- what do they form?

A
  • most abundant polysaccharide in ECM
  • give strength and elasticity to ECM
  • negatively charged, attract positively charged ions and water which help with shock absorption
  • form proteoglycans
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8
Q

what is glycosylation and where does it occur

A

happens in the ER and Golgi

  • attachment of sugar to protein
  • how proteoglycans in the ECM are made
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9
Q

what are some functions of the ECM

A
  • strength: prevent tearing
  • structural support: skeleton
  • organization: cells attach to ECM and bind to body parts
  • cell signalling: how multicellular organisms sense the environment
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10
Q

what are the adhesive proteins in ECM

A

fibronectin and laminin

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11
Q

what are the structural proteins in ECM

A

collagen and elastin

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12
Q

what is fibronectin

A

connects cells to the ECM and helps to organize components in the ECM

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13
Q

what is laminin

A

connects cells to the ECM and helps to organize components in the basal lamina

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14
Q

what is collagen and what does it provide

A

forms large fibres and interconnected fibrous networks in the ECM
- provides tensile strength

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15
Q

what is elastin and what does it provide

A

forms elastic fibres in the ECM that can stretch and recoil

- provides elasticity

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16
Q

how is collagen produced

A
  • procollagen polypeptides are synthesized in the ER lumen and assembled into triple helix
  • the procollagen is secreted from the cell and more modifications are done
  • the removal of extension peptides allows collagen to assemble into fibrils
  • the collagen fibrils assemble into larger collagen fibrils
17
Q

how is a plant cell ECM organized?

A
  • protective layer on the outside of the plasma membrane

- resist compression, more rigid

18
Q

what is a plant ECM composed of

A

cellulose (absorbing molecules)

19
Q

what are cell junctions and what are three examples of them

A

cell to cell and cell to ECM linkages

  • anchoring junctions
  • tight junctions
  • gap junctions
20
Q

function of anchoring junctions

A

anchor cells to one another or to the ECM

21
Q

what is the function of tight junctions

A

seal cells together into a tissue

22
Q

what is the function of gap junctions

A

allow cells to communicate directly with each other

23
Q

what do anchoring junctions rely on?

A

cell adhesion molecuels (CAMs)

- cadherin and integrin

24
Q

what is cadherin and what does it require

- what do linker proteins do

A
  • creates cell junctions
  • calcium to bind together (changes confirmation)
  • linker proteins connect cadherins to actin or intermediate filaments in the cytosol
25
Q

what is integrin and what do the linker proteins do

A

create cell to ECM junctions, bind ECM components

- connect integrins to actin or intermediate filaments in cytosol

26
Q

what are the 4 types of anchoring junctions

A

adherin, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, focal adhesions

27
Q

what are adherin junctions

A
  • connect cells via cadherin

- bind actin and cytoskeleton within cells

28
Q

what are desmosomes

A
  • connect cells to each other via cadherin

- bind intermediate filament cytoskeleton within cell

29
Q

what are focal adhesions

A
  • connect cells to ECM via integrins

- bind actin cytoskeleton within cell

30
Q

what are hemidesmosomes

A
  • connect cells to ECM via integrins

- bind intermediate filament cytoskeleton within cell

31
Q

what is the function of tight junctions

- what are they made of

A
  • forms a tight seal between adjacent cells (impermeable barrier)
  • occludin and claudin (sewn together)
32
Q

what are gap junctions and what are they made of

A
  • form intracellular channels that allow passage of small solutes
  • connexin: 6 connexins make a connexon channel
33
Q

what are 6 processes requires for multicellularity

A
  1. cell connections
  2. cell division
  3. cell growth
  4. differentiation
  5. migration
  6. apoptosis

Cell (6 decks)

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