echocardiography

Question 1

M-mode LV

Answer 1

measures left ventricular dimensions in diastole

left ventriular dimension in systole

Question 2

what does left ventricular dimension in diastole tell you?

Answer 2

LVDd

assessment of chamber size

enlarged in heat disease

diminished in hypovolemia

Question 3

what does left ventricular dimension in systole tell you?

Answer 3

LVDs

systolic function aka contractility of ventricles

assessment of degree of contraction and ejection

dminesion increased in systolic dysfunction

Question 4

fractional shortening

Answer 4

indicator of systolic function

% reduction of LV chamber in systole

LVDd-LVDs/LDVd x 100

normal 30-48%

Question 5

M Mode

Answer 5

demonstrates cardiac structures on curosr line over time

images have high resolution

useful n measuring dimensions, wall thickness and valve motion

acquired from right parasternal short axis planes

Question 6

What can cause left atrial enlargement

Answer 6

left ventricular dysfunction, mitral regurgitation, left side CHF

Question 7

is left atrial enlargement a good or bad px indictator?

Answer 7

bad

progression of heart disease

development of L-CHF

Question 8

What can you see in a left parasternal plane

Answer 8

assessment of left atrial size

valve morphology of mitral, aortic and pulmonic valves

color doppler studies of mitral, aortic and pulmonary valves

Question 9

what does spectral doppler show you?

Answer 9

blood flow velocity versus time

Question 10

spectral doppler data allows for calculation of what?

Answer 10

pressure gradients between two chambers

Dp=4V²

assesses hemodynamic signficance of shunts or stenosis

Question 11

The velocity of blood flow across the pulmonary artery measure 7 m/sec. What is the corresponding pressure gradient?

Answer 11

Dp=4V²

196 mm Hg