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Oral Boards cold > Echo/Pocus > Flashcards

Echo/Pocus Flashcards

1
Q

If you suspect pneumonia in a patient, what might you see on TTE?

A

Dynamic air bronchogram

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2
Q

What does “spine sign” indicate?

A

Effusion/ PNA or PTX

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3
Q

How many B-lines are normal?

A

3 or less

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4
Q

What does lung pulse tell you?

A

It is normal = lung sliding with heart rate

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5
Q

What does lung point tell you?

A

PTX - it is the visceral pleura kissing the parietal pleura

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6
Q

What do TAPSE less than 17 indicate?

A

RV dysfunction

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7
Q

How could you calculate stroke volume on TTE?

A

Use pulse wave Doppler to calculate VTI using the area of LVOT and multiply by the heart rate

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8
Q

What is fractional area of change?

A

TEE measurement of RV and LV dysfunction

Preload dependent

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9
Q

What are the absolute contraindications to placing a TEE?

A

Zenker’s
Active GI bleed
Esophageal tumors or stricture

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10
Q

What TEE views would you use for assessing for wall motion abnormalities?

A

Mid esophageal 5 chamber view
Mid esophageal 4 chamber view
Transgastric mid-short axis view

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11
Q

What view would you want to assess for saddle pulmonary embolism?

A

Mid esophageal ascending aortic short axis

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12
Q

At what degree is the mid-esophageal four chamber at?

A

0 degrees

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13
Q

How do you get a mid esophageal 2 chamber view?

A

By rotating the omniplane by 90 degrees from the mid esophageal 4 chamber

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14
Q

Where is the anterolateral wall of the LV in the mid esophageal 2 chamber?

A

On the right of the screen

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15
Q

Where is the inferior wall of the LV on midesophageal 2 C?

A

Left side

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16
Q

What can be seen with midesophageal long axis view?

A

Can see the LA, MV, LV, aortic root and LVOT+ sliver of RV
Aortic valve is in long axis
USED TO CALCULATE LVOT Cross sectional area and thus AVA and CO
Can see SAM in this view

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17
Q

At what degree is the midesophageal long axis at?

A

120-160

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18
Q

What is the midesophageal ascending aortic short axis view good for?

A

Positioning a PAC in the main PA

19
Q

What can be seen on the midesophageal ascending aortic short axis view?

A

SVC
Aorta
Right and main PA

20
Q

What omniplane angle is a midesophageal ascending aortic short axis at?

A

0-60 degrees

20-30 cm depth

21
Q

What omniplane angle is a midesophageal ascending aortic long axis at?

A

100-150

30-40 cm depth

22
Q

What is the midesophageal aortic valve short axis used for?

A

Assessing AI and AS

23
Q

What can be seen on the midesophageal aortic valve Sax view?

A

RA, RVOT, tricuspid and pulmonic valve
Aortic valve in short axis
LA

24
Q

What is the midesophageal RVOT useful for?

A

Placing PA Cathetr since path from RA to RV to Pa can be viewed in continuity

25
Q

At what degree and depth is the midesophageal RVOT view?

A

60-90 degrees

30-40 cm

26
Q

At what degree and depth is the midesophageal aortic valve short axis view?

A

30-60 degrees

30-40 cm

27
Q

What degree and depth is the midesophageal bicaval view at?

A

120 degrees
30-40 cm

Twist clockwise from midesophageal 4C

28
Q

What is the bicaval view used for?

A

Central line placement

Detection of PFO or ASD

29
Q

Where is the IVC on the bicaval view?

A

Left side of the screen

30
Q

How do you get a transgastric midpapillary view?

A

Advance probe to 50 cm

Ante flex the probe to 90 degrees

31
Q

Where is the posteromedial papillary muscle on a transgastric midpapillary view?

A

On the back Side of the heart

32
Q

Where is the anterolateral papillary muscle in the transgastric view?

A

At the 5 o’clock position

33
Q

What is the descending aortic view used for?

A

Look for aortic dissection

34
Q

What is McConnel’s sign?

A

Preservation of apical contractility

Seen in embolism

35
Q

What can be seen on TEE with air embolism?

A

Bowing of interatrial and inter ventricular septums to the left
McConnel’s signs
Severely hypo kinetic RV
Enlarged right atrium and ventricle

36
Q

What view do you want to use for air embolism?

A

Midesophageal 4C

37
Q

In what views would you see pericardial effusions?

A

Transgastric midpapillary view
Midesophageal 4
Midesophageal 2C
Midesophageal aortic LAX

38
Q

What is lung point

A

Specific sign of pneumothorax

39
Q

What is lung pulse?

A

Sign of main stem or atelectasis

In conjunction with heartbeat

40
Q

What does the presence of 3 or more B lines mean?

A

Pulmonary edema

41
Q

What are A lines?

A

Normal reverberations of lung tissue

Should still see in PTX

42
Q

What does spine sign mean

A

Usually pulmonary effusion

43
Q

What is the FAST exam?

A

Four views to assess for fluid accumulation

Subxiphoid: tamponade
RUQ: hepatorenal recess
LUQ: perisplenic
Superior pubic symphysis: retrovesicular pouch

Oral Boards cold (10 decks)

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