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MSRA > ECGs > Flashcards

ECGs Flashcards

1
Q

Inferior MI

A

II, III, aVF changes

RCA/LCx

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2
Q

Anterior MI

A

V1, 2, 3, 4 Changes

LAD

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3
Q

Lateral MI

A

I, aVL, V5, V6 changes

Lcx/LAD diagonal branch

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4
Q

Wellens Syndrome

A

Biphasic T wave in V1 and V2

Critical LAD stenosis

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5
Q

Pericarditis

A

Widespread concave ST elevation with PR depression, later on ST changes normalise with T wave inversions
(Tx = NSAID, colchicine)

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6
Q

Brugada Syndrome

A

Coved ST segment elevation in more than one of V1, V2, V3

Followed by T wave inversion

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7
Q

Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

A

Left ventricular hypertrophy = non specific ST segment and T wave changes:
voltage criteria - modulus sum of deep S wave in V1 and tall R wave in V5-V6>35mm
non voltage - ST depression TWI in left sided leads
Asymmetrical deep septal hypertrophy = deep, narrow Q waves in lateral and inferior leads
Left atrial enlargement - P mitrale: double notched P waves

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8
Q

High take off

A

Young healthy men - wide spread ST elevation at J point (junction btw end of QRS and start of ST)

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9
Q

First Degree Heart Block

A

PR interval is prolonged only (>200ms), QRS relationship is maintained

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10
Q

Mobitz I (Wenckebach)

A

PR interval is prolonged progressively until the QRS is skipped
“Grouped beating”

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11
Q

Mobitz II

A

PR interval normal

Randomly skipped QRS complexes (can be wide)

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12
Q

Third Degree Heart Block

A

AV dissociation - no relationship between P waves and QRS complexes

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13
Q

Bifascicular Block

A

RBBB AND Left anterior or posterior fascicular block ie left or right axes deviation respectively (in absence of any other cause of deviation)

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14
Q

Trifascicular Block

A

Bifascicular block AND first degree heart block

misnomer - a true trifascicular block is a complete heart block

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15
Q

Monomorphic VT

A

Identical repetitive morphology of broad QRS

Concordant (all up or down)

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16
Q

Polymorphic VT

A

Multiple morphology of broad QRS complexes of different amplitude axes and duration
Concordant (all up or down)

17
Q

Torsades de pointes

A 
Polymorphic VT with long QT with an axis that twists around an isoelectric baseline 
So discordant (alternating up then down)
18
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation

A

Chaotic irregular waveforms of varying amplitude. No P or QRS or T.

19
Q

Tachy-brady syndrome

A

Alternating Brady and tachycardia

Tx = pacemaker for bradycardia and rate control (Betablockers) for tachycardia

20
Q

PEA

A

ANY ECG rhythm but clinically no pulse

21
Q

Wolf-Parkinson-White

A

Slurred upstroke of QRS complex (delta wave)

Short PR interval

22
Q

Arrythmogenic Right ventricular cardiomyopathy

A

Small positive deflection at the end of QRS (epsilon wave)

Slightly wide QRS

23
Q

Hypothermia

A

Bradycardia with ventricular ectopics
Prolongation of everything: PR, QRS, QT
Positive deflection at J point (Ie end of QRS, start of ST segment) = Osborn (J) Waves

24
Q

Hypercalcaemia

A

Short QT mainly

25
Q

Hypocalcaemia

A

Long QT can degenerate into torsades de pointes

26
Q

Hyperkalaemia

A

Prolonged PR interval, small/absent P waves
Peaked T waves
Widened QRS complexes
Eventually degenerate to sinusoidal rhythm -> VF -> asystole

27
Q

Hypokalaemia

A

Deflection after the T wave (U wave)
Flat T waves
ST depression

28
Q

Right Bundle Branch Block

A

In V1-3: narrow RS complex with another large positive deflection called R’ (RSR’ wave) hence looks like an “M”. (V1 is Upright)

29
Q

Left Bundle Branch Block

A

In V1-3 deep downward deflecting S wave (QS or rS wave) looks like a “W”

30
Q

Pacemaker rhythms

A

RV pacemaker will lead to LBBB and vice versa

31
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

Most common ECG = Sinus tachycardia
Evidence of right heart strain: right axis deviation, ST depression and T wave inversion in V1-3, II, III, aVF
Q1S3T3 (Q wave in 1, S and T wave inversion in III) is RARE

MSRA (6 decks)

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