ECG pathology Flashcards
Abnormalities in the Leads 2 corresponds to what coronary artery
Right coronary artery
Abnormalities in the Leads 3 corresponds to what coronary artery
Right coronary artery
Abnormalities in the Lead aVF corresponds to what coronary artery
Right coronary artery
Abnormalities in the Lead aVL corresponds to what coronary artery
More circumflex artery but can also be lateral anterior descending artery
Abnormalities in the Lead V1 corresponds to what coronary artery
lateral anterior descending artery
Abnormalities in the Lead V2 corresponds to what coronary artery
lateral anterior descending artery
Abnormalities in the Lead V3 corresponds to what coronary artery
lateral anterior descending artery more commonly
Abnormalities in the Lead V4 corresponds to what coronary artery
lateral anterior descending artery more commonly
Abnormalities in the Lead V5 corresponds to what coronary artery
More circumflex artery but can also be lateral anterior descending artery
Abnormalities in the Lead V6 corresponds to what coronary artery
More circumflex artery but can also be lateral anterior descending artery
Abnormalities in the Lead 1 corresponds to what coronary artery
More circumflex artery but can also be lateral anterior descending artery
Where would it be seen on an ECG for ischemia in the Right coronary artery
Leads 2 and 3 and avF
Where would it be seen on an ECG for ischemia in the circumflex artery
1, aVL, V5 V6
Where would it be seen on
an ECG for ischemia in the lateral anterior descending artery
V1-4 more commonly in v3-4
Abnormalities in the Leads 2 corresponds to what part of the heart
Inferior
Abnormalities in the Leads 3 corresponds to what part of the heart
Inferior
Abnormalities in the Lead aVF corresponds to what part of the heart
Inferior
Abnormalities in the Lead aVL corresponds to what part of the heart
Lateral
Abnormalities in the Lead V1 corresponds to what part of the heart
Septal
Abnormalities in the Lead V2 corresponds to what part of the heart
Septal
Abnormalities in the Lead V3 corresponds to what part of the heart
Anterior
Abnormalities in the Lead V4 corresponds to what part of the heart
Anterior
Abnormalities in the Lead V5 corresponds to what part of the heart
Lateral
Abnormalities in the Lead V6 corresponds to what part of the heart
Lateral
Abnormalities in the Lead 1 corresponds to what part of the heart
Lateral
Where would it be seen on
an ECG for ischemia in the lateral part of the heart
Lead 1 aVL, V5 V6
Where would it be seen on
an ECG for ischemia in the inferior part of the heart
Leads 2 and 3 and avF
Where would it be seen on
an ECG for ischemia in the septal part of the heart
V1 and V2
Where would it be seen on
an ECG for ischemia in the anterior part of the heart
V3 and V4
What are signs in ECG of ischemia?
ST depression
Specific area is not related to ischemia
What are signs in ECG of acute MI? Stages
ECG often evolves through a number of stages
- Normal
- Hyperacute T waves
- ST segment elevation
- Improvement in ST segments with reperfusion
- T wave inversion
- Pathological Q waves
Typical presentation of MI
Crushing central chest pain radiating to left arm
Nausea
How are ST elevations determined on an ECG officially
2 millimetre gap on precordial leads v1 - v6
1 millimetre gap on cordial leads 1-3 and aVL R F
How are people with MI treated?
PCI - procerus coronary intervention
What disease causes pathological q waves
transmural MI
What are q waves?
Depressions in ECG after P wave before QRS complex
Which leads are Q waves normal?
Leads 1
V5
V6
What does normal Q waves mean?
Depolarization of your inter ventricular septum going from left to right
How do you distinguish a pathological Q wave from a normal Q wave
> 1mm /40 ms or >25% of the height of the wave
How do you diagnose arythmia?
What is the QRS rate? Are the QRS complexes regular? Is the QRS broad or narrow? Are there P waves? What is the P:QRS relation?
What does a broad QRS complex tell us?
arrhythmia coming from the ventricles
What does a narrow QRS complex tell us?
Supraventricular arrhythmia
Above ventricles
Whats atrial fibrillation
desynchronize electrical activity in the atria.
How does atrial fibrillation present on an ECG
Irregularly irregular heart rate
Absence of P waves
Wondering isoelectric lines
How do you calculate heart rate in AF patients
Count QRS complexes x 6
What is sinoatrial disease
Malfunction of sinus node
How does sinoatrial disease present on an ECG
Lots of PQRST complexes interchangeable with no response flatlining
Why does does sinoatrial disease present on an ECG like this
Firing off SA node and then can stop working
What is a heart block
Refers to AV blocks
Some blocking in the conduction pathways happening between the atria and then further down in the ventricles
Where is the block in first degree heart block
the block tends to be above the level of the AV node
How do you measure the P-R interval?
from the beginning of the upslope of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS wave
How do you measure the Q-T interval?
from the beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave
How do you measure QRS complex?
start measuring the END of the PR interval to the END of S-wave
What does first degree heart block look like on an ECG?
prolonged PR interval >200ms 1 big square same for each one
Ratio of P wave to QRS complex is 1:1
What are the two types of second degree heart block
Mobitz Type 1
Mobitz Type 2
What does second degree Mobitz Type 1 heart block look like on an ECG?
Gradually longer PR interval then dropped QRS complex then normal again and circle restarts
What does second degree Mobitz Type 2 heart block look like on an ECG?
Fixed normal P-R Interval but dropped QRS complex regular so 2 normal then no QRS then again 2
Where is the block in second degree Mobitz Type 1 heart block
block is at the level of the AV node
What happens to create the ECG in second degree Mobitz Type 1 heart block
The cells in the AV node become increasingly fatigued so they try and it gets harder and harder then they stop and it resets
What is second degree Mobitz Type 1 heart block also known as
Wenchebach phenomenon
What is third degree AV block also known as?
Complete heart block
What happens to heart with third degree heart block
complete dissociation between what the atria are doing what the sinoatrial node is doing and what the ventricle is doing our ventricular myocytes start taking over and they produce these big QRS complexes
What does third degree heart block look like on an ECG?
Regular broad QRS
No relation between P and QRS
Which heart blocks are emergencies?
second degree Mobitz Type 2
Complete heart block
What does PE look like on an ECG?
sinus tachycardia
S1 Q3 T3 sign- big deep S-wave in lead 1, Pathologic Q wave in Lead 3, Inverted T wave in Lead 3
(Less)- right bundle branch block
(Less)- RAD