ECG Findings Flashcards
What is sinus rhythm?
p before every QRS + QRS after every p
What is sinus arrythmia?
Irregular sinus rhythm
- often to do with breathing during ECG reading
What is a narrow complex tachycardia?
Supra-ventricular tachycardia
What can cause SVT?
Atrial flutter
Fast AF
Junctional tachycardia
What does atrial flutter look like on ECG?
p waves have a saw tooth appearance
What does atrial fibrillation look like on ECG?
Irregularly irregular
No p waves
Wavy baseline
What is a broad complex tachycardia?
Ventricular tachycardia
SVT with BBB
What are the ECG changes of hyperkalaemia?
Bradycardia
No p waves
Tented T waves
What are the ECG changes of hypokalaemia?
U wave
Flattened T wave
ST depression
What is first degree heart block?
Prolonged PR interval >0.12s
What is second degree heart block mobitz type 1?
Longer PR intervals until QRS dropped
What is second degree heart block mobitz type 1 also known as?
Wenkebach
What is second degree heart block mobitz type 2?
Regular PR intervals then QRS dropped
What is third degree heart block?
Complete failure of atrioventricular conduction
Wide QRS complexes
No relationship between p waves and QRS complex
How can you tell bundle branch block in an ECG?
Widened QRS complex
WiLLiaM MaRRoW
What are the signs of RBBB?
V1 - M
V6 - W
What are the signs of LBBB?
V1- W
V6 - M
What does a prolonged QT interval put you at risk of?
Toursades des Pointes
What is Torsades?
Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
How should a patient with Torsades be managed?
IV magnesium
What is brugada syndrome?
Genetic disorder in which electrical activity in the heart is abnormal
What are the ECG changes in brugada?
Type 1
- V1 = ST elevation (>2mm) followed by negative T wave
Type 2
- V1 = saddleback ST segment + elevation (>2mm)
Type 3
- V1 = features of other types but with <2mm ST elevation
What is the effect of digoxin on ECG?
Reverse tick sign
- ST depression
What is Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?
The presence of an extra electrical pathway in the heart.
Can cause periods of palpitations
What are the ECG changes in Wolff-Parkinson-White?
Short PR interval
Delta wave
What is a delta wave?
Slurring upstroke of the QRS complex
What are the ECG changes in pericarditis?
Saddle back ST segment
PR depression
What are the ECG changes in PE?
S1Q3T3
Lead I - large S wave
Lead III - Q wave
Lead III - Inverted T wave
What are the acute changes in an STEMI?
ST elevation
What are changes after hours in a STEMI?
ST elevation
Decreased R wave
Small Q wave
What are the changes day 1-2 after a STEMI?
T wave inversion
Deeper Q wave
What causes ST depression
Myocardial ischamia
What leads show an inferior MI?
II
III
aVL
aVF
What leads show an anterior MI?
V3
V4
What are the ECG changes in an NSTEMI?
Pathological Q wave
T wave inversion
