ECG Findings

Question 1

What is sinus rhythm?

Answer 1

p before every QRS + QRS after every p

Question 2

What is sinus arrythmia?

Answer 2

Irregular sinus rhythm

- often to do with breathing during ECG reading

Question 3

What is a narrow complex tachycardia?

Answer 3

Supra-ventricular tachycardia

Question 4

What can cause SVT?

Answer 4

Atrial flutter
Fast AF
Junctional tachycardia

Question 5

What does atrial flutter look like on ECG?

Answer 5

p waves have a saw tooth appearance

Question 6

What does atrial fibrillation look like on ECG?

Answer 6

Irregularly irregular
No p waves
Wavy baseline

Question 7

What is a broad complex tachycardia?

Answer 7

Ventricular tachycardia

SVT with BBB

Question 8

What are the ECG changes of hyperkalaemia?

Answer 8

Bradycardia
No p waves
Tented T waves

Question 9

What are the ECG changes of hypokalaemia?

Answer 9

U wave
Flattened T wave
ST depression

Question 10

What is first degree heart block?

Answer 10

Prolonged PR interval >0.12s

Question 11

What is second degree heart block mobitz type 1?

Answer 11

Longer PR intervals until QRS dropped

Question 12

What is second degree heart block mobitz type 1 also known as?

Answer 12

Wenkebach

Question 13

What is second degree heart block mobitz type 2?

Answer 13

Regular PR intervals then QRS dropped

Question 14

What is third degree heart block?

Answer 14

Complete failure of atrioventricular conduction

Wide QRS complexes
No relationship between p waves and QRS complex

Question 15

How can you tell bundle branch block in an ECG?

Answer 15

Widened QRS complex

WiLLiaM MaRRoW

Question 16

What are the signs of RBBB?

Answer 16

V1 - M

V6 - W

Question 17

What are the signs of LBBB?

Answer 17

V1- W

V6 - M

Question 18

What does a prolonged QT interval put you at risk of?

Answer 18

Toursades des Pointes

Question 19

What is Torsades?

Answer 19

Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

Question 20

How should a patient with Torsades be managed?

Answer 20

IV magnesium

Question 21

What is brugada syndrome?

Answer 21

Genetic disorder in which electrical activity in the heart is abnormal

Question 22

What are the ECG changes in brugada?

Answer 22

Type 1
- V1 = ST elevation (>2mm) followed by negative T wave

Type 2
- V1 = saddleback ST segment + elevation (>2mm)

Type 3
- V1 = features of other types but with <2mm ST elevation

Question 23

What is the effect of digoxin on ECG?

Answer 23

Reverse tick sign

- ST depression

Question 24

What is Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

Answer 24

The presence of an extra electrical pathway in the heart.

Can cause periods of palpitations

Question 25

What are the ECG changes in Wolff-Parkinson-White?

Answer 25

Short PR interval

Delta wave

Question 26

What is a delta wave?

Answer 26

Slurring upstroke of the QRS complex

Question 27

What are the ECG changes in pericarditis?

Answer 27

Saddle back ST segment

PR depression

Question 28

What are the ECG changes in PE?

Answer 28

S1Q3T3

Lead I - large S wave
Lead III - Q wave
Lead III - Inverted T wave

Question 29

What are the acute changes in an STEMI?

Answer 29

ST elevation

Question 30

What are changes after hours in a STEMI?

Answer 30

ST elevation

Decreased R wave

Small Q wave

Question 31

What are the changes day 1-2 after a STEMI?

Answer 31

T wave inversion

Deeper Q wave

Question 32

What causes ST depression

Answer 32

Myocardial ischamia

Question 33

What leads show an inferior MI?

Answer 33

II
III
aVL
aVF

Question 34

What leads show an anterior MI?

Answer 34

V3

V4

Question 35

What are the ECG changes in an NSTEMI?

Answer 35

Pathological Q wave

T wave inversion