ECG + Capnography + Mapleson Circuits

Question 1

Answer 1

Mapleson A

Question 2

Answer 2

Mapleson B – rebreathing circuit

Question 3

Answer 3

Mapleson C – rebreathing circuit

Question 4

Answer 4

Mapleson D

Bain circuit

Question 5

Answer 5

Mapleson E – valveless breathing system

Question 6

Answer 6

Mapleson F – valveless breathing system

Question 7

Is this over or under damper arterial trace

Answer 7

Overdamped

Loose connections

Air bubbles

Kinks

Clots

Spasms

No volume or low pressure in pressure bag and tubing

Question 8

Is this arterial waveform normal, under or over damped?

Answer 8

Normal

Question 9

Answer 9

Underdamped

Increased vascular resistance

Hypothermia

tachycardia

Excessive movement of the catheter within the artery leading to false high systolic or a false low diastrolic pressure

Question 10

Answer 10

Oesophagus intubation

Low level ETCO2 that quickly tapers off

Question 11

Answer 11

ETT in the right main bronchus

Irregular plateau the initial right lung ventilation followed by CO2 escaping from the left lung

Sometimes it can appear as normal capnography

Question 12

Answer 12

Bronchospasm

Due to delayed exhalation often seen in airway obstruction

COPD

Asthma exacerbation

Question 13

Answer 13

Normal waveform

Question 14

Answer 14

Sudden loss of waveform

Question 15

Answer 15

CPR

Question 16

Answer 16

ROSC

Return of spontaneous circulation

Question 17

Answer 17

Hypoventilation

Low respiratory rate

High EtCO2 value

Question 18

Answer 18

Airway obstruction or apnoea

Interrupted breaths

Question 19

Answer 19

Hyperventilating

High respiratory rate and relatively low EtCO2

Question 20

Answer 20

Apnoea

Question 21

Answer 21

Mechanical airway obstruction

Question 22

Answer 22

Reversal of alveolar slope in emphysema

[emphysema is one of the diseases that comprises COPD]

Question 23

Answer 23

Cardiac oscillations

Question 24

Answer 24

The curare cleft

Patient making an attempt to breathe

Question 25

Answer 25

Recirculated CO2 due to saturated CO2 absorber

Question 26

Answer 26

Tube displacement

Airway obstruction

Loss of circulatory function

Question 27

Answer 27

Hypoventilation

Increasing ETCO2

Caused by;

decreasing respiratory rate

Decreased in tidal volume

Increase in metabolic rate

Rapid rise in body temperature

Question 28

Answer 28

Hyperventilation

Decreasing ETCO2

Caused by;

Increase in respiratory rate

Increase in tidal volume

Decrease in metabolic rate

Fall in body temperature

Question 29

Answer 29

Sinus Arrhythmia

Question 30

Answer 30

Normal sinus Rhythm

Question 31

Answer 31

Sinus tachycardia

Question 32

Answer 32

Sinus bradycardia

Question 33

Answer 33

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia PSVT

Rate changes abruptly and unexpectedly

Question 34

Answer 34

Ventricular tachycardia

Question 35

Answer 35

Ventricular Fibrillation

Question 36

Answer 36

asystole

Question 37

Answer 37

Mapleson circuits