ECG Analysis

Question 1

What are the inferior heart leads

Answer 1

Lead II
Lead III
AVF

Question 2

What vessels is associated with the inferior heart leads

Answer 2

Right coronary artery

Question 3

What are the anterolateral heart leads

Answer 3

Lead I
AVL
V5 and V6

Question 4

What vessel is associated with the anterolateral heart leads

Answer 4

Left circumflex

Question 5

What are the anteroseptal leads

Answer 5

V2-V4

Question 6

What vessels is associated with anteroseptal node

Answer 6

Left anterior descending

Question 7

What are the anterior ECG leads

Answer 7

V2-V6

Question 8

What are the posterior ECG leads

Answer 8

V1, V2, V3 (Reciprocal)

Question 9

What vessel is associated with the posterior ECG leads

Answer 9

Right coronary artery

Question 10

What does the amplitude of the deflection indicate

Answer 10

Myocardial mass

Question 11

What does the deflection width indicate

Answer 11

Conduction speed

Question 12

When do we get a positive deflection

Answer 12

When the depolarisation is towards the positive lead

Question 13

How do you calculate heart rate on an ECG

Answer 13

300/number of large squares between R waves

Question 14

What is the normal axis of the heart

Answer 14

between -30 to +90

Question 15

What is the axis in left axis deviation

Answer 15

-30 to -90

Question 16

What is the axis in right axis deviation

Answer 16

+90 to +180

Question 17

What causes right axis deviation

Answer 17

RVH and anterolateral MI

Question 18

What causes left axis deviation

Answer 18

LVH and inferior MI

Question 19

What does the P wave indicate

Answer 19

Atrial depolarisation

Question 20

In which leads is the P wave positive normally

Answer 20

AVF
Lead I
Lead II
Lead III

Question 21

Which lead is the P wave normally -ve in

Answer 21

AVR

Question 22

What is a sinus arrhythmia

Answer 22

When there is abnormal rhythm in the SAN

Question 23

What is the normal length of the P wave

Answer 23

120ms

Question 24

An absent P wave is indicative of what conditions

Answer 24

Atrial fibrillation
SAN block
Nodal rhythm

Question 25

A dissociated P wave is indicative of what

Answer 25

Heart block

Question 26

A bifid P wave is indicative of what condition

Answer 26

P. Mitrale = LA hypertrophy

Question 27

A peaked P wave is indicative of what condition

Answer 27

P.pulmonale = RA hypertrophy

Question 28

Whatdoes QRS complex represent

Answer 28

Ventricular depolarisation

Question 29

What conditions does a wide QRS complex suggest

Answer 29

Ventricular initiation Conduction defect Wolff Parkinson White

Question 30

What does a pathological Q wave indicate

Answer 30

Full thickness MI

Question 31

What does tall QRS complexes indicate

Answer 31

LVH

Question 32

What is the length of a normal PR interval

Answer 32

120-200ms

Question 33

What does a long PR interval indicate

Answer 33

Heart block

Question 34

What does a short PR interval indicate

Answer 34

``` Accessory conduction (WPW) Nodal rhythm ```

Question 35

What does a depressed PR interval indicate

Answer 35

Pericarditis

Question 36

What is the normal QT interval

Answer 36

380-420ms

Question 37

Define a prolonged QT interval

Answer 37

>420ms

Question 38

What are the causes of a prolonged QT interval (remember TIMME)

Answer 38

Toxins - Macrolides - Anti-arrhythmics (Quinidine) - Histamine antagonists INherited/Ischaemia Myocarditis Mitral valve prolapse Electrolytes = decreased calcium

Question 39

What causes a short QT interval

Answer 39

Digoxin Beta blockers Phenytoin

Question 40

What causes the ST segment to be elevated

Answer 40

Acute MI Prinzmetals angina Pericarditis (Saddle shaped) Aneurysm

Question 41

What causes the ST segment to be depressed

Answer 41

Ischaemia | Digoxin

Question 42

What are the features of 1st degree heart block

Answer 42

Prolonged PR interval (>200ms)

Question 43

What are the features of 2nd degree heart block mobitz type I

Answer 43

Progressive lengthening of PR interval One non conducted P wave

Question 44

What features in 2nd degree heart block mobitz type II

Answer 44

Constant PR interval butoccasiondal non conducted P waves with often wide QRS

Question 45

What features are seen in 2nd degree heart block 2:1 block

Answer 45

Two P waves per QRS Normal consistent PR intervals

Question 46

What features are seen in third degree heart block

Answer 46

P waves andQRS are completely dissociated

Question 47

What are the features of right bundle branch block

Answer 47

MARROW M in V1 = +ve W in V6 = -ve Wide QRS

Question 48

What are the features of left bundle branch block

Answer 48

WILLIAM W in V1 = -ve M in V6 = +ve

Question 49

What are the causes RBBB

Answer 49

Infarct Normal variant Congenital (ASD, VSD) RVH

Question 50

What are the causes of LBBB

Answer 50

``` Fibrosis LVH Infarct Coronary IHD Aortic valve disease Post cardiac surgery ```