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Phase 2 > ECG Analysis > Flashcards

ECG Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the inferior heart leads

A

Lead II
Lead III
AVF

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2
Q

What vessels is associated with the inferior heart leads

A

Right coronary artery

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3
Q

What are the anterolateral heart leads

A

Lead I
AVL
V5 and V6

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4
Q

What vessel is associated with the anterolateral heart leads

A

Left circumflex

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5
Q

What are the anteroseptal leads

A

V2-V4

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6
Q

What vessels is associated with anteroseptal node

A

Left anterior descending

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7
Q

What are the anterior ECG leads

A

V2-V6

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8
Q

What are the posterior ECG leads

A

V1, V2, V3 (Reciprocal)

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9
Q

What vessel is associated with the posterior ECG leads

A

Right coronary artery

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10
Q

What does the amplitude of the deflection indicate

A

Myocardial mass

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11
Q

What does the deflection width indicate

A

Conduction speed

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12
Q

When do we get a positive deflection

A

When the depolarisation is towards the positive lead

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13
Q

How do you calculate heart rate on an ECG

A

300/number of large squares between R waves

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14
Q

What is the normal axis of the heart

A

between -30 to +90

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15
Q

What is the axis in left axis deviation

A

-30 to -90

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16
Q

What is the axis in right axis deviation

A

+90 to +180

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17
Q

What causes right axis deviation

A

RVH and anterolateral MI

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18
Q

What causes left axis deviation

A

LVH and inferior MI

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19
Q

What does the P wave indicate

A

Atrial depolarisation

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20
Q

In which leads is the P wave positive normally

A

AVF
Lead I
Lead II
Lead III

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21
Q

Which lead is the P wave normally -ve in

A

AVR

22
Q

What is a sinus arrhythmia

A

When there is abnormal rhythm in the SAN

23
Q

What is the normal length of the P wave

A

120ms

24
Q

An absent P wave is indicative of what conditions

A

Atrial fibrillation
SAN block
Nodal rhythm

25
Q

A dissociated P wave is indicative of what

A

Heart block

26
Q

A bifid P wave is indicative of what condition

A

P. Mitrale = LA hypertrophy

27
Q

A peaked P wave is indicative of what condition

A

P.pulmonale = RA hypertrophy

28
Q

Whatdoes QRS complex represent

A

Ventricular depolarisation

29
Q

What conditions does a wide QRS complex suggest

A

Ventricular initiation
Conduction defect
Wolff Parkinson White

30
Q

What does a pathological Q wave indicate

A

Full thickness MI

31
Q

What does tall QRS complexes indicate

A

LVH

32
Q

What is the length of a normal PR interval

A

120-200ms

33
Q

What does a long PR interval indicate

A

Heart block

34
Q

What does a short PR interval indicate

A 
Accessory conduction (WPW)
Nodal rhythm
35
Q

What does a depressed PR interval indicate

A

Pericarditis

36
Q

What is the normal QT interval

A

380-420ms

37
Q

Define a prolonged QT interval

A

> 420ms

38
Q

What are the causes of a prolonged QT interval (remember TIMME)

A

Toxins

  • Macrolides
  • Anti-arrhythmics (Quinidine)
  • Histamine antagonists

INherited/Ischaemia

Myocarditis

Mitral valve prolapse

Electrolytes = decreased calcium

39
Q

What causes a short QT interval

A

Digoxin
Beta blockers
Phenytoin

40
Q

What causes the ST segment to be elevated

A

Acute MI
Prinzmetals angina
Pericarditis (Saddle shaped)
Aneurysm

41
Q

What causes the ST segment to be depressed

A

Ischaemia

Digoxin

42
Q

What are the features of 1st degree heart block

A

Prolonged PR interval (>200ms)

43
Q

What are the features of 2nd degree heart block mobitz type I

A

Progressive lengthening of PR interval

One non conducted P wave

44
Q

What features in 2nd degree heart block mobitz type II

A

Constant PR interval butoccasiondal non conducted P waves with often wide QRS

45
Q

What features are seen in 2nd degree heart block 2:1 block

A

Two P waves per QRS

Normal consistent PR intervals

46
Q

What features are seen in third degree heart block

A

P waves andQRS are completely dissociated

47
Q

What are the features of right bundle branch block

A

MARROW
M in V1 = +ve
W in V6 = -ve
Wide QRS

48
Q

What are the features of left bundle branch block

A

WILLIAM
W in V1 = -ve
M in V6 = +ve

49
Q

What are the causes RBBB

A

Infarct
Normal variant
Congenital (ASD, VSD)
RVH

50
Q

What are the causes of LBBB

A 
Fibrosis 
LVH 
Infarct 
Coronary IHD 
Aortic valve disease 
Post cardiac surgery

Phase 2 (16 decks)

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