ECG Analysis Flashcards
Steps of ECG analysis
Patient details
- Rate
- Rhythm
- Axis
- P waves
- QRS (normal <120ms)
- PR interval (120-200ms)
- QTc (380-420ms)
- ST segments
- T waves
- Extras
What do you look for in 2. Rhythm?
Look for P waves followed by QRS complexes
What are the ECG characteristics of atrial flutter?
Saw-tooth baseline
What are the ECG characteristics of nodal rhythm?
Regular QRS complexes but no P waves
In 3. Axis, what is a normal axis?
Leads I & II positive (-30 - +90)
In 3. Axis, what is a normal axis?
Leads I & II positive
-30 –> +90
In left axis deviation, what happens in leads I and II?
Lead I positive
Lead II negative
(Leaving each other)
-30 –> -90
In RAD what happens to leads I and II?
Lead I negative
Lead II positive
Reaching each other
+90 –> +180
Causes of RAD >+90
Anterolateral MI RVH PE L. posterior hemiblock WPW ASD secundum
Causes of LAD
Inferior MI LVH L. posterior hemiblock WPW ASD primum
What are the causes of absent P waves on ECG?
AF
SAN block
Nodal rhythm
What causes dissociated P waves and QRS complexes?
Complete heart block
What is P.mitrale, what is it associated with and what causes it?
P mitrale = bifid P waves
Associated with LA hypertrophy
Causes: HTN, AS, MR, MS
What is P. pulmonale, what is it associated with and what causes it?
P pulmonale = peaked P waves
Associated with RA hypertrophy
Causes: pulmonary hypertension, COPD
What are the causes of a wide QRS (>120ms)?
Ventricular initiation
Conduction defect
WPW
