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TCA 1 - Chest Pain > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

How should you look through an ECG?

A
  1. Rate
  2. Rhythm
  3. Axis deviation
  4. P-waves
  5. PR interval (AV/heart blocks)
  6. Q-wave
  7. QRS
  8. ST segment
  9. T-waves
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2
Q

What can cause a regularly irregular rhythm?

A
  • 2nd degree AV/Heart block – Mobitz type 2
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3
Q

What can cause an irregularly irregular rhythm?

A
  • AF
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4
Q

What shows left axis deviation and what does it indicate?

A

Left is Leaving
I = +ve
II, III, aVF = -ve

LVH

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5
Q

What shows right axis deviation and what does it indicate?

A

Right is Reaching
I = -ve
II, III, aVF = +ve

RVH

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6
Q

What is P-pulmonale and what does it indicate?

A

Peaked P-wave (>2 small squares high)

- Right atrial enlargement

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7
Q

What is P-mitrale and what does it indicate?

A

Bifid ‘M’ P-wave

- Left Atrial enlargement

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8
Q

How long normally is the P-R interval?

A

3-5 small squares (0.12-0.2s)

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9
Q

What is 1st degree AV/heart block?

A

PR interval is prolonged

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10
Q

What is 2nd degree AV/heart block Mobitz I?

A

Ever increasing PR interval until a QRS is dropped

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11
Q

What is 2nd degree AV/heart block Mobitz II?

A

QRS complexes dropped for no reason

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12
Q

What is 3rd degree AV/heart block?

A

No relationship between P-waves and QRS complexes

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13
Q

What does a short PR interval indicate?

A

William Parkinson White Syndrome

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14
Q

What does a depressed PR interval indicate

A

Pericarditis

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15
Q

What is a pathological Q-wave and what does it indicate?

A
  • > 1 small squares wide
  • > 2 small squares deep
  • > 25% QRS complex
  • Seen in leads V1-3

Old MI

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16
Q

What is the normal width of a QRS complex?

A

<3 small squares

17
Q

What does a wide QRS complex indicate?

A
  • Ventricular arrhythmias

- BBB

18
Q

What causes a ST-segment elevation?

A
  • STEMI

- Pericarditis

19
Q

What causes a ST-segment depression?

A
  • NSTEMI
  • Ischaemia (stable and unstable angina)
  • Digoxin toxicity
20
Q

Where are T-waves normally inverted?

A
  • aVR
  • V1
  • Sometimes in leads 3, V2 and V3
21
Q

What does T-wave inversion indicate?

A
  • Ischaemia
  • BBB
  • Ventricular hypertrophy
22
Q

What to tall T-waves indicate?

A

Hyperkalaemia

23
Q

What do flat T-waves indicate?

A

Hypokalaemia

24
Q

What is a LBBB?

A

WilliaM

  • V1 = W
  • V6 = M
25
Q

What is a RBBB?

A

MarroW

  • V1 = M (RSR)
  • V6 = W
26
Q

What indicates RVH?

A
  • Dominant R wave in V1
  • Dominant S wave in V6
  • R in V1 more than 7 mm (7 small squares)
  • Right axis deviation
27
Q

What indicates LVH?

A
  • R in V5/V6 + S in V1 > 35mm (35 small squares) (easiest one to spot, just combine the length of the R and S wave and see if they are > 35 mm)
  • Inverted T wave in leads 1, aVL, V5 and V6 (left-sided leads ventrical strain)
  • Left axis deviation

TCA 1 - Chest Pain (7 decks)

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