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TCA 1 - Chest Pain > Differential Diagnoses > Flashcards

Differential Diagnoses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

A
  • Productive or non-productive cough
  • Dyspnoea
  • Pleuritic chest pain (sharp chest pain when breathing in deeply)
  • Fever
  • Coarse crackles
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2
Q

What are the risk factors for pneumonia?

A
  • Smoker
  • Drug abuse
  • Conditions that interfere with gag reflex
  • Conditions that interfere with immune system
  • COPD
  • Diabetes
  • Infants, young children, elderly
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Sickle cell disease
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3
Q

What are the symptoms of pleurisy/pleuritis?

A
  • Pleuritic chest pain
  • Myalgia (pain in muscle groups)
  • Malaise
  • Rhinorrhoea
  • Dry Cough
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4
Q

What are the risk factors for pleurisy/pleuritis?

A
  • If patient has been in contact with other people with infectious diseases
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5
Q

What are the symptoms of GORD?

A
  • Chest pain
  • Retrosternal burning after large/fatty meals
  • Pain after lying supine, relieved by sitting up
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6
Q

What are the risk factors for GORD?

A
  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy
  • Connective tissue disorders
  • Infants
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7
Q

What are the symptoms of costochondritis?

A 
- Focal chest wall pain that is aggravated by:
      Sneezing
      Coughing
      Deep inspiration
      Twisting of the chest
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8
Q

What are the risk factors for costochondritis?

A
  • Injury

- Physical strain

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of anxiety or panic disorder?

A
  • Sharp chest pain
  • Dizziness/faintness
  • Palpitations
  • Sweating
  • Fear of dying
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10
Q

What are the symptoms of pulmonary embolism?

A
  • Pleuritic chest pain (sharp chest pain when breathing in deeply)
  • Dyspnoea
  • Haemoptysis
  • Tachycardia
  • Tachypnoea
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11
Q

What are the risk factors for pulmonary embolism?

A
  • Prolonged risk/inactivity
  • Oral contraceptives
  • Pregnancy
  • Stroke
  • Hx of DVT
  • MI
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12
Q

What are the symptoms of pericarditis?

A
  • Pleuritic chest pain (sharp chest pain when breathing in deeply)
  • Chest pain that is provoked by lying supine
  • Chest pain that is relieved by sitting up
  • Dry cough
  • Fever
  • Myalgia
  • May radiate to trapezius ridge/neck/shoulder
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13
Q

What are the risk factors for pericarditis?

A
  • If patient has been in contact with other people with infectious diseases
  • TB
  • Uraemia
  • Trauma
  • Post-MI
  • Connective tissue disease
  • Hypothyroidism
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14
Q

What are the symptoms of cardiac tamponade?

A
  • Dyspnoea
  • Tachycardia
  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue
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15
Q

What are the risk factors for cardiac tamponade?

A
  • MI
  • Heart surgery
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Radiation exposure to chest
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16
Q

What are the symptoms of aortic dissection?

A
  • Severe, ripping/tearing chest pain that radiates to the back
  • Dyspnoea
17
Q

What are the risk factors for aortic dissection?

A
  • Collagens: Marfan’s Syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
  • Turner’s and Noonan’s syndromes
  • Pregnancy
  • Syphilis
  • Hypertension
  • Bicuspid aortic valve
18
Q

What are the symptoms of aortic stenosis?

A
  • Progressive chest pain
  • Dyspnoea
  • Syncope (temporary loss of consciousness due to drop in BP)
19
Q

What are the risk factors for aortic stenosis?

A
  • > 60yrs
  • Diabetes
  • High BP
  • High cholesterol
20
Q

What are the symptoms of mitral valve prolapse?

A
  • Commonly unsymptomatic
  • Palpitations
  • Chest pain
  • Dyspnoea
  • Fatigue
21
Q

What are the risk factors for mitral valve prolapse?

A
  • Increasing age
  • Hx of rheumatic fever
  • Connective tissue disorders
22
Q

What are the symptoms of pneumothorax?

A
  • Acute, pleuritic chest pain (sharp chest pain when breathing in deeply)
  • Dyspnoea
  • Shock
23
Q

What are the risk factors for pneumothorax?

A
  • Preexisting lung disease (COPD, asthma, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer)
  • Connective tissue disorders
24
Q

What are the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?

A
  • Gastric ulcer: epigastric pain that burns after eating

- Duodenal ulcer: epigastric pain that is relieved by eating

25
Q

What are the risk factors for peptic ulcer disease?

A
  • Smoking
  • NSAIDs
  • Alcoholism
26
Q

What are the symptoms of acute cholecystitis?

A
  • Right upper quadrant pain
  • Pain radiates to interscapular area or right shoulder
  • Nausea, vomiting
  • Fever
27
Q

What are the risk factors for acute cholecystitis?

A
  • Increasing age
  • Female gender
  • Diabetes
  • Obesity
  • Losing/gaining weight rapidly
28
Q

What are the symptoms of acute pancreatitis?

A
  • Epigastric pain that radiates to the back

- Nausea, vomiting

29
Q

What are the risk factors for acute pancreatitis?

A
  • Hx of alcoholism

- Hx of gallstones

30
Q

What are the symptoms of Herpes Zoster/Shingles?

A
  • Unilateral burning, numbness or tingling pain in dermatome
    may occur before rash
  • Fluid-filled blisters that break open and crust over
  • Sensitivity to touch
31
Q

What are the risk factors for Herpes Zoster/Shingles?

A
  • Increasing age

- Weakened immune system

32
Q

What is pleuritic chest pain?

A
  • Caused by inflammation of the parietal pleura

- Exacerbated by deep breathing, coughing, sneezing, or laughing

TCA 1 - Chest Pain (7 decks)

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