ECG Flashcards

1
Q

how do ECGs work?

A

as cells depolarise they become positively charged and the leads detect this positive charge moving in their direction

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2
Q

how many electrodes are there in a standard ECG?

A

10;
4 limb
6 precordial (chest leads)

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3
Q

which electrodes line up in the transverse plane of the heart?

A

V1-V6

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4
Q

what electrodes line up in the coronal plane of the heart and what leads do these produce?

A

RA, LA, RL, LL

aVR
aVL
aVF

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5
Q

which leads are bipolar?

A

lead I, II and III

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6
Q

what makes up limb I?

A
right arm (-ve)
left arm (+ve)
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7
Q

what makes up limb lead II?

A
right arm (-ve)
left leg (+ve)
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8
Q

what makes up limb lead III?

A
left arm (-ve)
left leg (+ve)
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9
Q

in what chest leads will the depolarisation wave be mostly negative?

A

V1 and V2

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10
Q

in what chest leads will the depolarisation wave be isoelectric?

A

V3

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11
Q

in what chest leads will the depolarisation wave be mostly positive?

A

V4, V5, V6

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12
Q

what are the inferior leads

what is the blood supply of this area?

A

lead 2 ,3 avF

right coronary artery

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13
Q

what are the lateral leads

what is the blood supply of this area?

A

leads 1, avL, v5, v6

left circumflex artery

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14
Q

what are the septal leads?

A

v1, v2

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15
Q

what are the anterior leads

A

v3, v4

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16
Q

what artery supplies the septal and anterior region?

A

left anterior descending

17
Q

how much time does one small square represent on ECG?

A

0.04secs

18
Q

what is the p wave representing?

A

atrial depolarisation

19
Q

what does the QRS complex represent/

A

ventricular depolarisation

20
Q

what does the T wave represent?

A

ventricular repolarisation

21
Q

how big should the p wave be?

A

3 small boxes wide and high

22
Q

how big should the pr interval be?

A

<5 small boxes

23
Q

how big should the QRS complex be?

A

<3 small boxes

24
Q

where should ST segment be?

A

has to lie on the isoelectric point

25
Q

how big should the T wave be?

A

<2 big boxes high

26
Q

how can you work out the heart rate on an ECG?

A

an ECG strip shows 10 seconds so count the number of R waves on the ECG and times by 6

27
Q

what is atrial flutter and what would it look like on an ECG?

A

an ectopic focus in the atria
supraventricular tachycardia
on ECG there are numerous p waves per QRS complex therefore there is a fast atrial rate

28
Q

what is atrial fibrillation?

A

multiple ectopic foci
fast atrial rate.
few if any p waves
irregularly irregular